朝鮮後期 烏瓷의 개념과 특징

Abstract

Explaining about ‘Ohja’ as it is, it means ‘black-colored pottery’. Therefore, it has extremely extensive range if it is translated literally. Today Ohja is called ‘Ohji Ware’ and is recognized by including Dogi and Onggi. It is often confused with Sokkanju and Chilgi because of its visual features with a black color. The purpose of the study was to make clear concept of Ohja and range of ware called to be Ohja by examining literature in the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty. The study made a close inquiry into what relations Ohja had with Onggi, Sokkanju and Chilgi that might be confused with Ohja. Finally, the study materialized uses and features of Ohja more through real cases of Ohja. Ohja recorded in literature regarded white clay to be substitute clay in features of material and diluted red ocher thinly or plastered black-colored glaze. There were Jar(ong), Pot(hang) and Bottle in kinds of ware made of Ohja. Although Jar is a relatively large ware in size, relatively small-size wares such as Jungwonyi(中圓伊), Jeonhangyi(田缸伊) and Gorakyi(高犖伊) were preferred and regarded to be the highest quality. In use, there were somewhat differences according to their form. Jar was to put or store wine or paste, pot was to store oil, honey and drinks and bottle played a role of cruet to put liquid such as wine, paste, oil and vinegar. The study examined relations with Onggi, Sokkanju and Chilgi since Ohja was in confusion with them. As a result, Onggi had a distinct difference with Ohja since it was a ware used from the early Joseon Dynasty and used red clay mixing with a lot of sand to be fundamental clay. Sokkanju played a role of pigment to put a picture into ceramic ware, dancheong(traditional multicolored paintwork on wooden buildings) and general painting. Therefore, it is regarded that Sokkanju means white porcelain with undergraze iron-brown. Chilgi is a concept created after official kiln was privatized and has a distinct difference with Ohja since it includes a lot of iron and impurities in clay. Ohja played roles of putting or storing Kimchi or paste and storing or moving honey, drinks, wine, oil and vinegar. Therefore, it increased manufacture of Ohja that the number of wine including Kimchi, drinks and Gayangju(home-brewed liquor) was increased. Diverse changes of society in the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty caused fashion of pottery called ‘Ohja’. However, its meaning is somewhat deteriorated now and it is recognized to be earthenware or Onggi. And its separation from Sokkanju and Chilgi is vague. The study could see that Ohja should be distinctly separated from others similar to Ohja since Ohja was pottery playing an important role in the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty.