1920년대 충남지역 천도교단의 변화와 청년문화운동

Abstract

The Chondo Academy established the ideology of modernization and civilization by cultivating youth and established 'Doctrinal Rites' and 'Night Schools' for local education. In February 1909, a special training class was set up to train teachers to be placed in the classroom, and classes began on February 20, 1911. Four doctrine centers were set up in the Chungnam Doctrine, one in Hongsan, two in Seosan, and one in Yesan. The number of doctrimes was not so great when compared with nationwide. On Sept. 2, 1919, the Chundogyo Young Doctrinal Lecture Department was established to educate young people on cultural movement theory. The Doctrinal Lecture Department was set up quickly nationwide, with one in Cheongju in Chungcheong Province. Cheongju was the birthplace of Son Byeong-hee where the denomination provided political support. The modern civilization of Chungcheong Province was spread centering around this area. As the training of the leaders and the doctrinal system settled down through the activities of the Doctrinal Lecture Department, the youth leaders reorganized the Chundogyo Young Doctrinal Lecture Department into Chundogyo Youth Association on April 25. Lee Jong Rin from Seosan, Chungnam Province, was one of the leading figures in the youth group, and the Seosan Youth Association in Chungcheong Province was established for the second time in the nation. There were 118 youth organizations nationwide, but in Chungnam, only three youth organizations were established in 10 parishes. This was the lowest number in the country. It was because Chungnam was very conservative persisting with its uncompromising stance. A lecture was run in each region centering on the Youth Education Association. In Chungnam, lectures were held in Hongseong, Gongju, Taean, Seosan, and Dangjin. The contents of the lectures were related to Chundogyo and the cultural movement through youth enlightenment. In addition, the branch featured lectures and there were members in Chungnam who attended the lecturer training classes. The Young Association focused on publishing books and they established Gaebyeok Distributing offices nationwide to distribute the Gaebyeok paper. In Chungcheong Province, there were two distributing offices, one in Chungju-Eup run by the Yough Asssocistion and the other in Seosan-Eup, Soesan-Gun operated by Lee Jong man. When Cheondogyo was in turmoil due to the splitting among the old and the new in the 1920s, the young people of Chondogyo disbanded the Youth Association and founded the Chondogyo Youth Party on September 2, 1923. Among the leading figures in the process of its foundation, Park Rae-hong and Lee Jong-lin were from Chungnam. The youth organization in Chungcheongnam-do was strengthened with these people as central figures. Most of organizing The Young Party was concentrated in the north area, while just one or two were established in each province in the south except for Gyeongnam. In Chungcheongnam-do, one youth party was established. It launched the Nonsan Kwangju Association and actively carried out various cultural movements related to enlightenment and education such as providing night classes and establishing the night school committee. In 1925, dispute occurred in Chondogyo and it was divided into four denominations. At this time, Chungnam area was known as the area where the Old sect was in control. But in reality not only the Old sect but various denominations like the New sect and the United sect also were actively around. From the late 1920s to the 1930s, it was the Old sect that dominated the area. As a result of the division of the New and Old, the youths were divided into the New and Old sect's alliances. Park Rae-hong, Shin Tae-soon and Lee Jong-lin from Chungcheongnam-do emerged as the leading figures in the central Youth Alliance. In the mid-1920s, socialism prevailed in Chungcheongnam-do, when Lee Jong-man from Seosan, Chungnam, interacted with the central figures of the Old sect. The youth alliance was established first in Yesan, Chungnam. Since after, the Dangjin and Seosan Youth alliances were established. But starting form 1930, the forces have decreased rapidly. On the other hand, the New sect, which was in Seosan, Chungnam, established a Youth Party branch in mid-1928s, and steadily expanded its dominance.