중일전쟁기 木崎町 속의 일본 제국

Abstract

Looking instead from a grassroots perspective, the social history of the war between Japan and China(1937–1945) emerged in the war support movements that took hold in neighborhoods throughout the country. In this context, popular support for the occupation of China was mobilized through local institutions that drew on loyalties to region, class, gender, and other subnational communities of interest. Organizational strategies appealed to hierarchies of power and authority far removed from the national government in Tokyo, they expressed social and political agendas bearing little relation to the national interest in China. Although war support campaigns organized in the fall of 1937 were trumpeted as a demonstration of national determination and commitment, in many instances, the "spontaneous outpouring of support" for the nation that official storytellers laid claim to was, in fact, an expression of parochial concerns. In kizaki-machi, the organizations that ran the war-support movement, were almost entirely regional. For this reason, mobilization of public support for the war between Japan and China drew on and helped reinforce local identities. Nevertheless, the formation of such imperial localism did not preclude the parallel growth in imperial nationalism. Indeed, one of the most interesting dimensions of the mobilization process in the early thirties was the way these two interacted. At a discursivelevel, the two fields overlapped, the language of mobilization interwove appeals to region and nation. Yet at an organizational level, there was clear separation, here regional institutions nurtured a local culture that maintained a measure of autonomy from national control. Thus the dynamic interaction between empire, nation, and the localities was a complex one, evading simple categorization as mutually reinforcing on one hand, or oppositional on the other. In this paper, real aspects of people's daily life under Japanese government's mobilization policy were analyzed and reported on the basis of facts found in the documents of Okawa Takeo who was a landowner and lived in Gunma-ken, Nita-gun, Kizaki-machi. From this study, it was confirmed that there was a big change in agricultural production during the total war. That is, people cooperated to increase production, reducing the labor power for efficiency. Futhermore, this paper investigated the Japanese's time and health management during the total war which were closely connected to productivity and labor power.