마블의 청교도 지형시:『애플턴 저택』
Marvell's Puritan Topographical Poem: Upon Appleton House
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This essay purports to examine Andrew Marvell's Upon Appleton House as a Puritan topographical poem. Ben Jonson's To Penshurst idealizes the figure of a monarch, and makes him a living embodiment of justice and hospitality. In contrast, Marvell wants to attack the absolutist ideology of Jonson's poem and establish the Puritan Nun Appleton house of Thomas Fairfax as a model for an ideal society. Marvell continues the traditional topographical method of praising a lord by praising the style of his house, but recognizes the absolutist assumptions behind Jonson's topographical poetry. Therefore he revises it in a Puritan direction in Upon Appleton House. Marvell views Fairfax's country house as the ideal Puritan world, whereas the royalist poems make the country house embody absolutist ideology. He criticizes the royalist poems by making Nun Appleton embody Puritan virtues and portraying Fairfax as a model of Puritan heroism. The historical facts about Nun Appleton imply that the transformation of England from the Catholic society to the Puritan one is historically necessary. In this context it seems that the principles of ideal community lie not in Roman Catholicism nor the Levellers, but the moderate Puritan world. When the poet makes a visit to the woods around the house, he finds that the tallest oak is felled by an woodpecker. This description suggests that because the oak stands for the Stuart monarchy, an ideal form of government is a republic, not the monarchy with strict hierarchy and kingly prerogative. In the stanzas concerned with the appearance of Mary Fairfax Marvell implies that Mary is a symbol of a figure who can restore the paradise-state from which England has banished itself and hopes that Mary will diffuse Puritan social values outwards through society while transmitting them to the future. In the last stanzas Nun Appleton is seen to be a map to paradise. Yet the world outside the house seems chaotic. In conclusion, Marvell rewrites the topographical poem politically and portrays an ideal society as the Puritan world in which English people carry out Puritan virtues. We can say in this poem that Marvell celebrates Puritan virtues and a republic as his religious and political ideals.
Abstract
This essay purports to examine Andrew Marvell's Upon Appleton House as a Puritan topographical poem. Ben Jonson's To Penshurst idealizes the figure of a monarch, and makes him a living embodiment of justice and hospitality. In contrast, Marvell wants to attack the absolutist ideology of Jonson's poem and establish the Puritan Nun Appleton house of Thomas Fairfax as a model for an ideal society. Marvell continues the traditional topographical method of praising a lord by praising the style of his house, but recognizes the absolutist assumptions behind Jonson's topographical poetry. Therefore he revises it in a Puritan direction in Upon Appleton House. Marvell views Fairfax's country house as the ideal Puritan world, whereas the royalist poems make the country house embody absolutist ideology. He criticizes the royalist poems by making Nun Appleton embody Puritan virtues and portraying Fairfax as a model of Puritan heroism. The historical facts about Nun Appleton imply that the transformation of England from the Catholic society to the Puritan one is historically necessary. In this context it seems that the principles of ideal community lie not in Roman Catholicism nor the Levellers, but the moderate Puritan world. When the poet makes a visit to the woods around the house, he finds that the tallest oak is felled by an woodpecker. This description suggests that because the oak stands for the Stuart monarchy, an ideal form of government is a republic, not the monarchy with strict hierarchy and kingly prerogative. In the stanzas concerned with the appearance of Mary Fairfax Marvell implies that Mary is a symbol of a figure who can restore the paradise-state from which England has banished itself and hopes that Mary will diffuse Puritan social values outwards through society while transmitting them to the future. In the last stanzas Nun Appleton is seen to be a map to paradise. Yet the world outside the house seems chaotic. In conclusion, Marvell rewrites the topographical poem politically and portrays an ideal society as the Puritan world in which English people carry out Puritan virtues. We can say in this poem that Marvell celebrates Puritan virtues and a republic as his religious and political ideals.
참고문헌 (15)
- Brown, Laura, "Alexander Pope" (1985), Oxford: Blackwell
- Colie, Rosalie, "Visual Traditions behind ‘Upon Appleton House", Modern Critical Views: Andrew Marvell. Ed. Harold Bloom, pp.101~122 (1989), New York: Chelsea House
- Cousins, A. D, "Marvell's ‘Upon Appleton House, to my Lord Fairfax’ and the Regaining of Paradise", ~ (1990)
- Empson, William, "Some Versions of Pastoral" (1966), Harmondsworth: Penguin
- Friedman, Donald M, "On ‘Upon Appleton House", 215~233 (1980)
- Jonson, Ben, "Ben Jonson and the Cavalier Poets. Ed. Hugh Maclean" (1974), New York: Norton
- Leggatt, Alexander, "Ben Jonson: His Vision and His Art" (1981), London: Methuen
- Loewenstein, David, "Politics and Religion", The Cambridge Companion to English Poetry: Donne to Marvell. Ed. Thomas N. Corns, pp.3~30 (1993), Cambridge: Cambridge UP
- MacCaffrey Isabel. G, "The Scope of Imagination in ‘Upon Appleton House", Modern Critical Views: Andrew Marvell. Ed. Harold Bloom, pp.137~153 (1989), New York: Chelsea House Publishers
- Marvell, Andrew, "George Herbert and the Seventeenth- Century Religious Poets. Ed. Mario A. Di Cesare" (1978), New York: Norton
- Norbrook, David, "Marvell's ‘Horatian Ode’ and the Politics of Genre", Renaissance Poetry. Ed. Cristina Malcolmson, pp.249~271 (1998), London: Longman
- Patterson, Annabel, "Andrew Marvell" (1994), Plymouth: Northcote House
- Ray, Robert H, "An Andrew Marvell Companion" (1998), London: Garland
- Walton, Geoffrey, "The Tone of Ben Jonson's Poetry", Ben Jonson and the Cavalier Poets. Ed. Hugh Maclean, pp.479~496 (1974), New York: Norton
- Wilcher, Robert, "Andrew Marvell" (1985), London: Cambridge UP