김시습과 남효온, 추방된 비전과 굴원·초사 수용 - 조선전기 정신사의 한 조망대로서 -

Abstract

This study identified the acceptance of Qu Yuan(屈原) and ChuCi(楚辭) by Kim Si-seup(金時習, 1435～1493) and Nam Hyo-on(南孝溫, 1454～1492) during the reign of Sejo(世祖) to Seongjong(成宗) from the perspectives of the expelled vision and response. The poetry and prose of the two people were written in a world where the vision of the Confucian country was expelled at a time of long and painful time of alienation. Their critical mind and acceptance of Qu Yuan and ChuCi had clear differences from the King and the bureaucratic writers. Kim Si-seup put the issue of Qu Yuan and ChuCi at the center of the literary controversy in full scale by realizing it using literature and expressing it with logic. He hovered around the outskirt of the crisis of the time but matched with Qu Yuan who constantly expressed his resentment and hope. The immediate equation beyond the time and space elicited strong emotional responses. They not only included the passive and introvert projection such as yearning, sorrow and regret but also expressed the willingness of action with periodical and social significance and suggested the logic of action. He made Qu Yuan as a faithful subjec(忠臣義士) who constantly raised problems against the social contradiction and a model of gansin (諫臣) who did his duty to deal with the Confucian visions. Nam Hyo-on shared the critical mind of Kim Si-seup, more fiercely confronted the world and exploded sharper hostility to the specific objects. This came from recognition of situation that social inconsistency is more intensifying rather than reduced. He symbolized Qu Yuan as dalin(達人) and positively recognized the afterlife. However, the afterlife is a compensatory analogy of the real world. That is the Confucian ideal society(儒家的 理想社會) established Lao-tzu(老莊)'s territory. In this regard, ‘dalin Qu Yuan’ of Nam Hyo-on and ‘gansin Qu Yuan’ of Kim Si-seup are the faces on the front and back sides in pair rather than two conflicting faces. Kim Si-seup and Nam Hyo-on raised problems of the unjust reality and struggled to recover the expelled vision of the Confucian country. Qu Yuan and ChuCi served as a literary passage. In particular, the two pioneered the new stage of literature that is differentiated from the bureaucratic writers by developing criticism and rebellion of Qu Yuan and ChuCi and realizing the tragic sense of beauty and vibrant aesthetic ideas. This is the special literary asset of the early Joseon Period that was created upon the critical mind and literary individuality of the two, driven by the characteristics of the era during the reign of Sejo to Seongjong(the world where the vision is expelled).