동남 방언 ‘-(으)ㄴ/는기라’의 문법 및 의미 기능 고찰

Abstract

The form '-(eu)n/neungira[-(으)ㄴ/는기라]' corresponds to '-(eu)n/neun geosiya[-(으)ㄴ/는 것이야]' in the central language, and it was found that '-(eu)n/neun geosiya' was grammatized to become the final ending. The grammatical and semantic functions of '-(eu)n/neungira' are summarized as follows. First, '-(eu)n/neungira' is used in five forms: 'A-(eu)ngra[A-(으)ㄴ기라], 'V-(eu)ngira[V-(으)ㄴ기라]', 'V-neungira[V-는기라]', 'A-eonneungira[A-었는기라]', and 'V-eonneungira[V-었는기라]'. Second, 'A/V-(eu)ngira', 'V-neungira', and 'A/V-eonneungira' all indicate the past or completion of speech. While 'A-(eu)ngira' indicates that the state persists until the utterance time, 'A-eonneungira' can indicate that the state has ended based on the utterance time. And 'V-(eu)ngira' and 'V-eonneungira' indicate the completion of the event time, and 'V-neungira' indicates the progress of the event time. Third, the speaker uses 'A/V-eonneungira' to convey the event to be talked about more vividly. For this reason, more 'A/V-eonneungira' are found than 'A/V-(eu)ngira' in folktales and discourse. Fourth, 'V-neungira' has an evidentiality. It was confirmed that among the main characteristics shared by the evidentiality category, it has a first-person restriction and shares various other characteristics. Fifth, since the event expressed by '-(eu)n/neungira' is a realis, it cannot be used as hortatives and imperatives. However, in the case of '-neungira', it is possible to express general facts and laws, so it also indicates imperativeness along with '-eoya doeda'. Sixth, '-(eu)n/neungira' can be used as interrogatives and quotation construction. Seventh, '-(eu)n/neungira' plays a role in connecting the preceding and subsequent utterances in the discourse. Therefore, '-(eu)n/neungira' can be written to indicate an sequential event, or it can be written with various connection endings and adverbs to indicate an sequential event and causal events.