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산업연관분석을 통한 중국, 베트남, 캄보디아 산업구조 비교 연구

Comparative Study on the Industrial Structure of China, Vietnam, Cambodia with Input-Output Analysis

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주제분류무역학

초록

중국, 베트남과 캄보디아는 정치체제의 변화는 수반되지 않았지만 중앙계획경제에서 시장경제체제로 전환을 한 대표적인 경제체제전환국가들이다. 이 국가들은 경제발전과정이나 단계에서 큰 차이를 보이는데, 이는 체제전환이 곧 빠른 성공을 보장하는 것은 아니라는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 산업연관표를 이용하여 이들의 경제발전과정을 분석하였다. 분석결과를 보면 중국은 베트남과 캄보디아에 비해 상대적으로 빠른 시점에 2차산업 비중이 1, 3차산업에 비해 안정적으로 높았다. 중국의 2차산업의 생산유발계수, 생산유발효과, 부가가치유발계수 및 부가가치유발효과도 베트남과 캄보디아에 비해 매우 컸다. 2차산업의 산업구조도 경공업으로부터 하이테크산업 및 중공업으로 바뀌고 있는데, 베트남은 경공업 위주이며 캄보디아는 2차산업이 매우 취약하다. 특히 중국은 강한 파급효과를 보이는 건설업이 선도적으로 발달하였는데 베트남과 캄보디아는 상대적으로 산업부문의 발달이 미흡하다. 따라서 이러한 국가별 경제발전과정을 분석함으로써 북한과 같은 잠재적인 체제전환국은 체제전환 및 경제성장의 과정에서 2차산업의 비중 증가, 2차산업과 다른 산업간의 상호연관성 강화 및 선도산업 육성 등이 필요하다.

Abstract

China, Vietnam and Cambodia are typical transition countries that had a transition from planned economy to market economy while keeping the political system. However, these countries show considerable differences in the process of economic development, which means that transition does not guarantee rapid success. So, this study uses the Input-Output tables to analyze the process of economic development of these countries. The results show that China, compared with Vietnam and Cambodia, the ratio of the secondary industry has been higher than the primary and tertiary sectors since early, and China's production/value-added inducement coefficients/effects of the secondary industry are much bigger than Vietnam and Cambodia. Also, the secondary industrial structure in China is shifting from light industry to high-tech and heavy industries. However, in Vietnam, the light industry still dominates, and the whole secondary industry vulnerable in Cambodia. Specifically, the construction industry is the leading industry in China with a robust economic ripple effect and has a large gap with other sectors. However, there are no such leading industries in Vietnam and Cambodia yet. Hence, this study proposes several suggestions on economic development for potential transition countries such as North Korea like increasing the ratio of secondary industries, enhancing the relationship between the secondary and other industries, and cultivating the leading industries.

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