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슈만의 피아노연곡에서의 이중 조성구조

Tonal Conflict between Tonic and Relative Mode in Schumann’s Piano Cycles

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Many movements from Schumann’s piano cycles have open-beginning structures and open-ended structures. There is no doubt that these open structures facilitate the nature of local connection and further unify the individual pieces to create a larger context. Unfortunately, open structure does not simply translate to a missing tonic chord at the beginning or end of the piece. It implies a structural meaning, in which the tonal definition of a piece is weakened in some way and influences or is influenced by the entire form of each piece. In this study, I explore the paradoxical nature of the Romantic fragment (complete and yet not complete), and examine the special features of Schumann’s piano cycles, in particular the fragmentary character of the individual movements as a primary component of piano cycles. The analysis of individual movements presented in this study supports the fragmentary character resulting from the ambiguous tonal shape which is based on relative mode relationships. The characteristic harmonic progression resulting from the tonicization of the relative mode may occur both in local level progressions of individual movements and large-scale tonal progressions. In small-scale events, it can be used as a common-tone relationship between tonic and relative modes through the reharmonization of a melodic line or an enharmonic relationship. In the large-scale progression, the tonicization of the relative mode not only reflects local harmonic events, but it also influences the tonal and formal shapes of the given movement.

Abstract

Many movements from Schumann’s piano cycles have open-beginning structures and open-ended structures. There is no doubt that these open structures facilitate the nature of local connection and further unify the individual pieces to create a larger context. Unfortunately, open structure does not simply translate to a missing tonic chord at the beginning or end of the piece. It implies a structural meaning, in which the tonal definition of a piece is weakened in some way and influences or is influenced by the entire form of each piece. In this study, I explore the paradoxical nature of the Romantic fragment (complete and yet not complete), and examine the special features of Schumann’s piano cycles, in particular the fragmentary character of the individual movements as a primary component of piano cycles. The analysis of individual movements presented in this study supports the fragmentary character resulting from the ambiguous tonal shape which is based on relative mode relationships. The characteristic harmonic progression resulting from the tonicization of the relative mode may occur both in local level progressions of individual movements and large-scale tonal progressions. In small-scale events, it can be used as a common-tone relationship between tonic and relative modes through the reharmonization of a melodic line or an enharmonic relationship. In the large-scale progression, the tonicization of the relative mode not only reflects local harmonic events, but it also influences the tonal and formal shapes of the given movement.

참고문헌 (19)

  1. 배재희, "슈만의 크라이슬레리아나 Op.16에서의 순환적 형식 구조 연구", 음악논단, 18(18), pp.71~100 (2004), 음악연구소
  2. 배재희, "슈만의 피아노연곡에 나타난 단편성과 연속성", 이화음악논집, 10(2), pp.89~123 (2006), 음악연구소
  3. Abraham,Gerald, "Robert Schumann, In The New Grove Early Romantic Masters" (1985), Norton
  4. Burkhart,Charles, "Departures from the Norm in Two Songs from Schumann’s Liederkreis, In Schenker Studie" (1990), Cambridge University Press
  5. Daverio, John, "Schumann’s Im Legendenton’s and Friedrich Schlegel’s Arabeske", Nineteenth-Century Music, 11, pp.150~163 (1987)
  6. Daverio, John, "Robert Schumann: Herald of a New Poetic Age" (1997), Oxford University Press
  7. Ferris, David, "Schumann’s Eichendorff Liederkreis and the Genre of the Romantic Cycle" (2000), Oxford University Press
  8. Hallmark,Rufus, "Song Cycle, In The New Harvard Dictionary of Music", pp.770~771 (1986), Harvard University Press
  9. Kaminsky, Peter Michael, "Principles of Formal Structure in Schumann’s Early Piano Cycles", Music Theory Spectrum, 11, pp.207~225 (1989)
  10. Komar, Arthur, "Dichterliebe: An Authoritative Score, Historical Background, Essays in Analysis, Views and Comments" (1971), W. W. Norton
  11. McCreless, Patrick, "Song Order in the Song Cycle: Schumann’s “Liederkreis", Music Analysis, 39, pp.5~28 (1986)
  12. Neumeyer, David, "Organic Structure and the Song Cycle: Another Look at Schumann’s Dichterliebe", Music Theory Spectrum, 4, pp.92~105 (1982)
  13. Newcomb, Anthony, "Schumann and Late Eighteenth-Century Narrative Strategies", Nineteenth-Century Music, 11, pp.164~174 (1987)
  14. Newcomb, Anthony, "Schumann and the Marketplace: From Butterflies to Hausmusik, In Nineteenth-Century Piano Music", pp.258~315 (1990), Schirmer
  15. Rosen, Charles, "The Romantic Generation" (1995), Harvard University Press
  16. Schenker, Heinrich, "Free Composition" (1979), LongmanInc
  17. Smith, Charles J, "Musical Form and Fundamental Structure: An Investigation of Schenker’s Formenlehre", Music Analysis, 15, pp.191~297 (1996)
  18. Turchin, Barbara, "Robert Schumann’s Song Cycles: The Cycle within the Song", Nineteenth-Century Music, 8, pp.231~244 (1985)
  19. Youens, Susan, "Song Cycle, In The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd ed", 23, pp.716~719 (2001)

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