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19세기 민족주의와 세계주의의 상호작용: ‘헝가리’ 음악 사례

The Interaction of Nationalism and Cosmopolitanism in the 19th Century: The Case of ‘Hungarian’ Music

김현주
한국서양음악학회 (The Musicological Society Of Korea)|2024.11|서양음악학 (Journal of the Musicological Society of Korea)|제27권 제2호|pp. 41-71

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키워드

세계주의Nationalism헝가리HungaryCosmopolitanism스틸 옹그와VerbunkosFranz Liszt19세기 민족주의헝가리적임헝가리 집시 스타일 음악베르붕코쉬리스트에르켈HungariannessHungarian Gypsy-style Musicstyle hongroisFerenc Erkel
주제분류음악학

초록

민족주의 담론이 팽배한 19세기 음악학에서 세계주의에 대한 논의는 여전히 도전적이다. 하 지만 인문학⋅역사학⋅사회과학 분야에서는 민족주의 시대에 치중하는 흐름을 재고하는 비판 의 소리가 커지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 이들의 다양한 시각과 담론을 검토하고 19세기 음악에 서 민족주의와 세계주의의 관계에 대한 새로운 학제적 고찰을 시도한다. 크게 세 가지 개념 및 방법론, 즉 공유하는 문화의 세계주의, 일상의 세계주의, 민족주의와 세계주의의 상호작용이 모색된다. 이를 토대로 본고는 유럽 주류의 ‘주변’인 헝가리에 집중한다. 헝가리는 어떻게 방대 한 다양성으로 민족주의 이념인 고정된 실체를 거부하는지, 민족주의와 세계주의의 공존이라는 역설이 어떻게 헝가리 문화, 예술, 음악에 침투되어 있는지, 헝가리 일상에 스며든 대중적인 집시 스타일 음악이 민족주의 물결 속에서 야기하는 문제는 무엇인지가 차례로 논의된다. 결국 이런 문제들은 ‘헝가리적임’은 무엇인지에 대한 난해한 이슈로 수렴되고 이를 고찰하는 것으로 이 글은 마무리된다.

Abstract

In 19th-century musicology nationalist discourse was prevalent, whereas discussions about cosmopolitanism remain challenging. Yet, the critiques in the interdisciplinary humanities, history, and social sciences have recently developed to reassess the trend of focusing on the nationalist era. Engaging with their various perspectives and discourses, this article attempts a new interdisciplinary consideration of the relationship between nationalism and cosmopolitanism in 19th-century music. Drawing on the three main concepts and methodologies–the cosmopolitanism of shared culture, the cosmopolitanism of everyday life, and the interaction between nationalism and cosmopolitanism, this study focuses on Hungary, the ‘periphery’ of the mainstream Europe. I will investigate how Hungary’s vast diversity defies the fixed entity of nationalist ideology; how the coexistence of nationalism and cosmopolitanism is paradoxically penetrated into Hungarian culture, art, and music; and how the popular Gypsy-style music that permeates Hungarian daily life positions itself agaisnt the wave of nationalism. Ultimately, these discussions help to assess the complex issue about the ‘Hungarianness.’

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