비관련 다각화 전략과 M-form 조직의 효과성에 대한 연구 : 사업부간 및 본사-사업부간 관계를 중심으로
A Study on the Unrelated Diversification Strategy and the Effectiveness of M-form Structure : Relationships between Business Units and Headquarter-Business Units
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초록
다각화 전략을 추구하는 많은 기업들이 도입․운영하는 조직구조로서 복합사업부제 조직 구조(M-form 구조)는 그 동안 전략 및 조직이론 분야에서 많은 관심을 받으며 연구되어 왔다. 그 간의 선행연구에 의하면, 다각화 전략을 추구하는 기업들이 M-form 구조를 활용함으로써 조직성과를 향상시키는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그러나 대다수의 선행연구들은 M-form 구조가 어떠한 유형의 다각화 전략(관련 또는 비관련 다각화)에서 보다 효과적인가를 규명하는 데에 주력해왔다. 반면, 동일한 다각화 전략을 추구하는 M-form 구조를 보유한 기업들간의 조직성과의 차이가 왜 발생하는가에 대해서는 학문적 관심과 연구가 다소 부족하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 그 동안 경제적 효율성 및 합리성 관점에서 접근한 다각화 전략과 M-form 구조의 관계에서 벗어나, 관계적 관점(Relational Perspective)에서 다각화 전략과 M-form 구조의 효과성에 대해 탐색적 연구를 하였다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 재벌과 같은 국내외의 복합 기업(Conglomerate)들이 많이 활용하는 비관련 다각화 전략(Unrelated Diversification Strategy)에 초점을 두고, 「사업부간의 관계」와 「본사와 사업부간의 관계」를 고려하여, 비관련 다각화 전략을 추구하는 M-form 구조가 언제 보다 효과적일 수 있는지에 대한 명제를 제시하였다.
Abstract
Multi-divisional structure (M-form), as a form of organizational structures which has been widely adopted in contemporary organizations, has received a lots of attention from researchers in the field of strategic management as well as organizational theory. Previous studies have found that organizations in diversified strategy adopt M-form could achieve a higher performance. However, most of prior studies have tried to identify in which types of diversification M-form structure would be more effective. In contrast, there has been lack of theoretical examinations on explaining why the performance of organizations with M-form structure in the same related and/or unrelated diversification strategy differ. Hence, contrary to prevailing perspective, such as economic or rational perspective, this study tried to explain the relationships between diversification strategy and the effectiveness of M-form structure with a relational perspectives. Especially, while focusing the unrelated diversification strategy which have been widely used by conglomerate organizations, this study provided a few propositions on when M-form structure can be effective by cosidering two relational characteristics-the degree of cooperativeness among business units and relationship between headquarter and business units.
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