중국 주택공적금(公積积) 제도에 관한 연구

Abstract

This paper discusses the development directions of Chinese Housing Provident Fund System in the context of the finance policy for public housing. Chinese Housing Provident Fund System was implemented on a trial basis in 1991 in Shanghai. It is China’s unique social security financial system that played an important role as the financial system for housing reform. Although China has completed the housing market reform by the housing marketization, the reform caused soaring housing prices. It has been expanded to such social problems that has been difficult for low-income class to purchase house, and enlarged the gap between rich and poor. This change in the social environment has been brought to new demands of society for the housing policy and Chinese Housing Provident Fund System. Considering the recent economic and social situation in China, the directions of housing policy will need to focus on public housing to strengthen the housing guarantee. And the directions of Chinese Housing Provident Fund System should be discussed the financial mechanism of public housing that can be provided effective financial resources. The development directions of the Chinese Housing Provident Fund must match the goals of public housing policy and the objectives of public housing financial system. And it will also have to comply the development stage of the housing market and financial system of China. Therefore, first of all, it should be clarify the target of Chinese Housing Provident Fund, because it is very closely related to the equity and efficiency that is the goals of public housing policy The equity and efficiency of the financial policy for public housing can be improved by setting the purpose to realize the goals of public housing policy. The targets of public housing policy in China carry out for the households of the middle and lower income class, not for all the households that it is a neutral policy. Therefore, the targets of public housing funds must be the same as the targets of public housing policy. And the public housing funds must have a function of income redistribution to play a role as the financial policy for public housing. It is necessary to secure the equity against the application for public housing fund, the rules of deposit and the setting of interest rates, and to expand the range of the adaptation and use of the public housing fund for the households of the middle and lower income class. It should support to improve the functions of a reasonable cost payment, a compensation policy, an interest rate policy and a loan policy for personal.