공유경제를 활용한 지역경제 활성화 방안:북미, 유럽, 중국 사례를 중심으로
Revitalizing Local Economies through the Sharing Economy: Focusing on the Cases of North America, Europe, and China
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글로벌 금융위기 이후 합리적인 소비문화의 확산, 디지털 기술의 발전 등으로 공유경제 플랫폼을 통한 소비가 빠르게 확산되고 있다. 일반적인 의미의 공유경제는 소비하는 방식과 유휴 자산의 사용이 ICT 플랫폼을 통해 중개되는 경제로 정의해 볼 수 있는 가운데 공유경제가 소비 활동에만 국한되는 것이 아니라 인터넷 비즈니스 및 경제 전반의 변화와 관련 있음을 강조하는 견해가 있다. 공유경제가 경제 전반에 미칠 수 있는 긍정적 변화에 주목하여 세계 각국은 민간에서 뿐만 아니라 공공 부문에서의 공유경제 활용을 적극 추진하고 있으며 특히 지역경제 활성화를 위한 방안으로 공유경제 모델에 주목하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 북미, 유럽, 중국 등 주요국에서의 지역경제 활성화를 위한 공유경제 활용사례를 살펴보고 국내 상황에서 적용 가능한 공유경제 활용방안에 대한 논의를 시도하고자 한다. 구체적으로 본 논문은 북미 지역의 자원 교환 공유 플랫폼, 공동체 화폐 도입 사례와 더불어 유럽의 일자리 창출 및 지역발전 네트워크 구축, 공유경제 시범도시 등을 검토해 보고 중국의 의료지식 및 의료자원 공유 플랫폼을 통한 지역경제 활성화 사례들을 살펴본다. 이를 통해 지역경제 활성화를 위한 공유경제의 활용방안으로 공유 플랫폼 표준의 개발 및 배포, 블록체인 기반의 디지털 공동체 화폐 도입, 지역공동체 네트워크를 통한 공유서비스의 개발 및 활용, 온오프라인에서 공유 의료 플랫폼의 구축 등을 제시하는 한편 공유경제 도입을 위한 단계적인 발전 모델을 제안한다.
Abstract
The sharing economy has rapidly grown in recent years, in part thanks to advances in digital technology and rational consumption behavior after the global financial crisis. The generally accepted definition for the sharing economy is that the information and communication technology (ICT) platform mediates interactions between businesses and consumers to exploit unused or underutilized resources. Indeed, it is often argued that the sharing economy is not limited to consumption activities but is related to changes in internet businesses and economy as a whole. Hence, central and local governments pay special attention to the potential of the business models in the sharing economy, which could be used to enhance the performance of both private and public sector. In particular, the main focus is on diverse business models of the sharing economy as a way to stimulate local economies. Examples for the revitalization of local economies via the sharing economy can be found in the regions of North America, Europe, and China. The various cases of the sharing economy models include resource sharing platforms, community currencies (North America), urban pilot projects for the sharing economy, the cooperative network for job creation and regional development (Europe), and sharing platforms for medical knowledge and resources (China). These cases suggest that local economies can go hand in hand with the development and distribution of standardized sharing platforms, the application of digital community currency based on blockchain technology, the development and utilization of sharing economy services through community network, and the development of medical sharing economy platforms. Further, we suggest the need for a gradual approach to the development of the sharing economy.
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