단일유럽시장의 형성에 대한 경영자의 인식과 전략적 대응으로서 해외직접투자：1990년대 유럽 내 한국자동차산업에 대한 재고
Managerial Perception of the Single European Market and FDI as a Strategic Reaction: Revisit to the Korean Automotive Industry in Europe in the 1990s
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본 연구는 경제통합이 급물살을 타며 단일유럽시장으로 자리잡아간 1990년대 중·후 반 유럽의 정황에서 역외기업의 단일유럽시장 형성에 대한 인식을 조사하고 이에 따른 전략적 대응으로서 해외직접투자 의사결정과의 관계를 연구하고 결정요소들을 규명하고 자 하였다. 한국자동차 제조업체를 대상으로 한 설문조사 및 통계적 분석을 통해 단일유럽시장에 대한 경영자의 인식을 조사하였으며 설문자료는 2000년 실시된 기존의 설문자료를 활용 하여 본 연구의 주제에 맞도록 재구성하였다. 연구결과, 전략적 결정으로서의 해외직접투자는 단일유럽시장형성에 따른 시장확대 요인과 부정적 요인인 수출자율규제, 기술적 장벽이 유의한 것으로 분석되었다. 전반적 으로 시장기회요인에 비해 위협요인이 주요한 동기로 작용하였으나 실제적인 보호주의 정책의 발효가 부재하였던 점에서 단일유럽시장의 부정적 영향을 사전에 제어하고자 하 는 전략적 대응이었던 것으로 인식된다. 본 연구는 분석 결과를 기반으로 방어적 동기 에 기인한 수출대체투자가 원산지 규정에 매우 원천적으로 취약한 면이 있는 점을 고려 하여 위험관리의 측면에서 보다 높은 현지화 수준이 필요함을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 1990년대 유럽에서의 입지를 넓히기 시작한 한국기업들의 단일시장형성에 대한 인식을 1990년대 조사된 자료를 바탕으로 검토하므로 2000년대 들어 현지생산과 점유율 증대를 통해 활발하게 진행되었던 단일유럽시장 진출의 주요한 동기를 이해하는 데 유용한 기반을 제공하고 있다.
Abstract
This paper attempted to examine the managerial perception of the single European market of firms from non-member states in the 1990s when the progression of economic integration pans out over Europe and to verify determinants of foreign direct investment as a strategic reaction. The survey gave out in 2000 to Korean motor car manufacturers in Europe has been rearranged and processed for the statistical analysis. The results shows foreign direct investment as a strategic reaction to the single European market has been affected by increased market size and negative consequences of the SEM such as VERs and technical barriers. In general negative consequences prevailed over the variables related to market opportunity. However, threat defusing motivation to control the forthcoming market risk is considered to be more important than simple export substituting motivation considering that there’s was and has been the absence of such protectionist measures. This study suggests, based on the findings, that higher level of localization is required due to the intrinsic limitations of defensive strategic postures which are sensitive to measures such as local contents and screwdriver regulations. This study contributes by providing variable framework for the understanding of determinants of European expansion of Korean firms in the 1990s that, in fact, showed vigorous activities in Europe in the 2000s.
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