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중국전통상인과 현대기업의 사회적 책임에 관한 연구

The Study on Social Responsibility of Traditional Merchants and Modern Enterprise

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참고문헌

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본 연구는 전통 중국의 상업활동 공간과 현대중국의 기업활동 영역을 고찰하고 이것이 각 상인과 기업의 CSR활동에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는가. 또한 중국적 CSR활동의 특징은 어떤 것인가를 고찰하였다. 특히 본 연구는 이해관계자 이론과 역사적 접근방법을 사용하여 전통과 현대 중국의 상업/경영환경이 CSR활동에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는가를 집중적으로 살펴보았다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 기업의 CSR활동에 대해서 현대 중국 정부와 중국 소비자는 자국 기업보다는 다국적 기업에 대해서 보다 엄격하였고, 요구도 더 높았다. 이러한 상황하에서 다국적 기업들은 중국 자국 기업보다도 더 많은 CSR활동을 수행하지 않으면 안 되었다. 이러한 특징은 전통 중국의 현실에서도 상당히 유사한 형태로 나타난 바 있다. 즉 지역사회 내에서 현지 상인보다는 외래에서 온 객상(客商)들이 사회적 책임을 이행하는 바가 훨씬 더 컸던 것이다. 이는 외부에서 와서 상거래를 한다는 불리한 점을 극복하기 위하여 지역사회 내에서 적극적으로 사회적 책임을 수행하였던 것이다. 최근 현대 중국의 경우, 글로벌 기업의 CSR활동에 대한 추세는 단순한 기업이미지 제고 차원을 넘어서 경영전략화 하는 단계에 이르렀다. 이에 본 연구는 글로벌 경쟁시대에 기업의 사회적 책임이 기업의 성장과 기업경쟁력을 향상시키는 중요 요인임을 확인하고자 하였다. 이 연구는 다국적기업은 이윤을 추구하는 동시에 사회적 책임을 부담해야 하고, 또한 기업은 주주의 입장에서만 출발하는 것이 아니라, 다양한 측면, 즉 모든 이해관계자의 이익을 고려해야함을 시사한다. 기업들이 기업의 사회적 책임경영이 표준화되는 글로벌 환경변화에 대처하기 위하여 CSR에 대한 긍정적 인식의 전환이 필요하고 또한 기업의 전략적인 차원에서 CSR활동을 통한 지속경영을 가능토록 하는 것이 중요함을 시사한다.

Abstract

In Chinese history, there’d always existed ‘local elite’ who had broad acres and manservants and controled the local society. For instance, Han dynasty’s Haozu(豪族), Wei, Jin and North-South dynasties’s the aristocracy, Song Dynasty’s the local petty officials(Xingshihu 形勢戶), and Ming-Qing Dynasty’s local elites(紳士) so on. Those local elites’d had a strong sense of responsibilities whenever the local society meets disasters. But in the middle of 16c, the new group appeared and carried out social responsibilities. Ming Qing dynasties’s merchandies were comprised of many kinds of groups. For instance. 1) local merchandies(坐賈), 2) local broker(牙行), 3) travelling trader(客商), 4) privileged merchandise(特權商人). Among of them, the merchandise the most fluently carried-out the social responsibility was travelling trader(客商). They’d left home, traded many placed away from home. In traditional China, because there had a lots of regional differences. in the case of travelling trader was not easy to do commercial business places away from home. The importance of CSR(corporate social responsibility) is one of the most popular issues of corporate competition and has become a crucial factor to consider for survival and growth of business firms. The purpose of this case study is to confirm the possibility that CSR activities can be the effective tool for building corporate competition strategy. Our study results show that CSR activities can enhance corporate competition power and have a positive effects on their sustainable development. Therefore to enhance global competition power at the firm level, first of all it is important to practice the corporate social responsibility management(CSRM). Multinational companies are seeking to maximize the economic benefits of social responsibility at the same time, not only the interests of the shareholders, but also considering all the necessary multilateral stakeholders.

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