A Study on the Metallic Properties of Iron-Making Byproducts from the Bihar and Jharkhand Regions of India
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
By analyzing four slags from Bihar and Jharkhand, all in India, we attempted to understand the level of traditional steel-making technology in India. BH-1∼3 can be classified as a tapping slag because it shows traces of flow, whereas JK-1 can be classified as an in-furnace slag considering its dense, flat figure and the existence of iron oxides. Because fayalite appears as a columnar structure in the micro-tissue of the slag, it can be confirmed as a smelting slag, and considering the total amount of Fe and deoxidation agent contents, it can be confirmed that it was created using a direct smelting method. By applying the main component analysis results to the FAS/FCS phase diagram and considering the number of minerals found through the compound analysis, the smelting temperature was assumed to be within 1,000∼1,200℃.
Abstract
By analyzing four slags from Bihar and Jharkhand, all in India, we attempted to understand the level of traditional steel-making technology in India. BH-1∼3 can be classified as a tapping slag because it shows traces of flow, whereas JK-1 can be classified as an in-furnace slag considering its dense, flat figure and the existence of iron oxides. Because fayalite appears as a columnar structure in the micro-tissue of the slag, it can be confirmed as a smelting slag, and considering the total amount of Fe and deoxidation agent contents, it can be confirmed that it was created using a direct smelting method. By applying the main component analysis results to the FAS/FCS phase diagram and considering the number of minerals found through the compound analysis, the smelting temperature was assumed to be within 1,000∼1,200℃.
참고문헌 (19)
- Bae, C. R., "A study of the iron production process through the analysis of slags excavated from Bupyeong-ri, Inje, Korea", Journal of Conservation Science, 36(2), pp.143~151 (2020)
- Choi, H. R., "Metallurigical Analysis of Third to Fifth Century Swords with Ring Pommels Excavated in the Asan-Cheonan Region", Journal of Conservation Science, 39(5), pp.720~730 (2022)
- Cho, S. M., "Material Characteristic of Slags and Iron Bloom Produced by Smelting Process Using Sand Iron", Journal of Conservation Science, 34(1), pp.039~050 (2018)
- Chakrabarti, D. K., "The Early Use of Iron in India" (1992), Oxford University Press
- Charlton, M. F., "Explaining the evolution of ironmaking recipes-An example from northwest Wales", Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 29, pp.352~367 (2010)
- Dunn, J. A., "The Economic Geology and Mineral Resources of Bihar Province" (1942), Calcutta
- Jung, D. Y., "Study on Process through the Analysis of Iron By-products at the Songdu-ri Site in Jincheon from 3rd to 4th Century", Master, pp.2022
- Methodology for archaeological excavation and scientific analysis of iron manufacture relics, "Jungwon National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage", 1~371 (2020)
- Kim, D. H., "The story of the historical development of steel and steel technology that developed modern civilization", Trends in Metals & Materials Engineering, 20(4), pp.68~77 (2007)
- Kim, S. K., "A study on iron manufacturing and technology through analysis reports of iron artifacts in the Baekje area", Journal of Conservation Science, 30(4), pp.335~343 (2014)
- Kim, S. J., "A Study on Analysis of Smelting Slags Produced Reproduction Experiment of Iron Smelting Furnace and Interpretation Method for the Slags", Journal of Conservation Science, 33(2), pp.075~083 (2017)
- Lee, B.,H., "Compositional and microstructural analyses of greyish-blue-powdered celadon in Yeongseo Region in Gangwon-do : by Wonju Beopcheon-temple site", Analytical Science & Technology, 26(3), pp.211~221 (2013)
- Lee, S. D., "Material Characteristics of Smelting Slags Produced by Reproduction Experiment of Ancient Iron Smelting-According to Ca Content", Journal of Conservation Science, 33(4), pp.297~312 (2017)
- Park, J. Y., "An Iron-Making Process through the Slag Analysis of Jangamjinseong Site in Seocheon, Korea", Master, pp.2024
- Rho, T. C., "A Historic Study on the Ancient Metallurgical Technology in Korea" (2000), Hakyounmunhwasa
- "Hercynite" (2024)[URL]
- Roy, S., "Metallurgy in Ancient India and Jharkhand", International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 6(10), pp.933~937 (2021)
- Vaish, A. K., "Historical perspective of iron in ancient India", Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science, 42(1), pp.65~74 (2000)
- Yoon, D. S., "On the slag produced in early iron metallurgy", The Journal of the National Academy of Science, 25, pp.389~390 (1986)