Investigating the Iron-Making Process through the Scientific Analysis of By-products Obtained during Iron-Making from Songdu-ri Site in Jincheon, Korea
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The study, iron-making process was examined through the scientific analysis of six by-products that were obtained during iron making at the Songdu-ri site in Jincheon. The total Fe content of the slags excavated from the Songdu-ri site was 36.29–54.61 wt%, whereas the deoxidation agent was 26.48–49.08 wt%. The compound analysis result indicated that fayalite and wüstite are the main compounds in slag. Furthermore, the microstructure analysis result confirmed the presence of fayalite and wüstite in the slag. It can be inferred from the flat shape in a bright matrix structure of the hammer scales that forging was performed in the latter stage. The Raman micro-spectroscopy results confirmed that the surface was hematite (Fe2O4), middle layer was magnetite (Fe3O4), and inner layer was wüstite (FeO). The presence of smelting and smithing slags, spheroid hammer scales, and flake hammer scales suggests that at the Songdu-ri site, iron-making process is carried out by division of labor into producing iron bloom through direct smelting, refining and forge welding, and ingot production.
Abstract
The study, iron-making process was examined through the scientific analysis of six by-products that were obtained during iron making at the Songdu-ri site in Jincheon. The total Fe content of the slags excavated from the Songdu-ri site was 36.29–54.61 wt%, whereas the deoxidation agent was 26.48–49.08 wt%. The compound analysis result indicated that fayalite and wüstite are the main compounds in slag. Furthermore, the microstructure analysis result confirmed the presence of fayalite and wüstite in the slag. It can be inferred from the flat shape in a bright matrix structure of the hammer scales that forging was performed in the latter stage. The Raman micro-spectroscopy results confirmed that the surface was hematite (Fe2O4), middle layer was magnetite (Fe3O4), and inner layer was wüstite (FeO). The presence of smelting and smithing slags, spheroid hammer scales, and flake hammer scales suggests that at the Songdu-ri site, iron-making process is carried out by division of labor into producing iron bloom through direct smelting, refining and forge welding, and ingot production.
참고문헌 (20)
- Bae, C. R., "Study on the iron production process through the analysis of by-products excavated from iron smelting site in Bupyeong-ri, Inje, Korea", Master, pp.2018
- 배채린, "인제 부평리유적 출토 슬래그 분석을 통한 제철 과정 연구", 보존과학회지, 36(2), pp.143~151 (2020), 한국문화재보존과학회
- Songdu-ri site, Jincheon. 5, "Central Institute of Cultural Heritage", 1~579 (2020)
- Cho, H. K., "Manufacturing technology of iron swords in the Midwestern Korea from 2nd to 6th century AD", Ph.D., pp.2015
- 조현경, "충주 수룡리 원모롱이 야철지 수습 철재 및 노벽의 과학적 분석", 보존과학회지, 29(2), pp.139~147 (2013), 한국문화재보존과학회[DOI]
- 최광진, "철기 및 청동기 유물 제작에 관한 고고금속학적 연구", 박사, 금속·재료공학, pp.2003
- Scientific analysis report on the specimens excavated from archaeological iron sites in Jungwon region, "Jungwon National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage", 1~183 (2014)
- Scientific analysis report on the specimens excavated from archaeological iron sites in Gyeongsang region, "Jungwon National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage", 1~183 (2016)
- Kwon, I. C., "Study of microcrystals of iron sand smelting slag per TiO2 content using Raman microspectroscopy", Master, pp.2016
- 이은우, "재현실험을 통한 중원지역 고대 제련-단야기술의 공정별 특성 연구", 보존과학회지, 33(6), pp.519~532 (2017), 한국문화재보존과학회[DOI]
- 이은우, "고대 제련-단야기술 복원을 위한 실험적 연구 - 적정 조업온도 연구를 중심으로 -", 보존과학회지, 34(6), pp.581~593 (2018), 한국문화재보존과학회[DOI]
- Lee, Y. N., "Metallurgical study on the by-products of the iron smelting excavated from Jinwi region in Pyeongtaek", Master, pp.2017
- Metal, iron and steel; The cultural history of iron, "National Museum of Korea", 1~271 (2017)
- Metallurgical study of the forging artifacts excavated from Wolseong-Dong, "Osawa, M.", Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation, 177~ (2005)
- 박수경, "Microstructural Analysis of Slags using Raman Micro Spectroscope", 보존과학회지, 35(2), pp.145~152 (2019), 한국문화재보존과학회[DOI]
- Rho, T. C., "A historic study on the ancient metallurgical technology in Korea" (2000), Hakyounmunhwasa
- "Hematite" (2022)[URL]
- "Magnetite" (2022)[URL]
- 송정일, "나주 복암리 유적 출토 단조박편의 미세조직을 통한 단야 공정 기술체계 연구", 대한금속·재료학회지, 50(8), pp.599~603 (2012), 대한금속·재료학회[DOI]
- Yoon, D. S., "On the slag produced in early iron metallurgy", The Journal of the National Academy of Science, 25, pp.380~390 (1986)