제주 오등동유적 출토 금동다층소탑의 재질과 도금 특성 분석
Material Characteristics and Gilding Technique of Gilt-Bronze Miniature Pagoda Excavated from Odeung-dong Site, Jeju
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초록
제주 오등동 고려시대 절터에서 출토된 금동다층소탑은 제주도에서 최초로 발견된 금동 유물로 역사적 가치를 지닌다. 북송 시대의 동전 세 종류와 함께 출토된 이 금동다층소탑은 심하게 훼손되었으나, 용머리, 지붕 기와, 난간 등 주요 구조가 남아 있어 고려 시대 목탑이나 건축물 복원의 중요한 자료로 평가된다. 과학적 보존처리를 통해 매우 불안정한 상태의 금동다층소탑을 안정화하였으며, 재료 분석 결과, 구리-주석-납 합금으로 주조된 후 금박 도금법을 사용해 도금된 것으로 확인되었다. 도금층에서 수은이 검출되지 않아 아말감 도금이 아닌 금박 도금이 사용되었음을 알 수 있다. 또한 풍탁을 걸기 위해 사용된 금속선은 구리로 제작되었으며, 인발 기법을 통해 일정한 두께로 가공되었음을 미세조직 분석으로 확인하였다. 본 연구는 금동다층소탑의 제작 및 도금기법을 밝혀 고려시대 금속공예와 건축기술 연구에 중요한 자료를 제공한다.
Abstract
The Gilt-Bronze Miniature Pagoda excavated from the Jeju Odeung-dong(250-8) Site, a Goryeo-era temple, is the first of its kind discovered on Jeju Island. The pagoda was unearthed alongside three types of Chinese coins from the Northern Song Dynasty, indicating its historical significance. Although heavily damaged with only two levels remaining, key architectural features such as dragon-head finials, roof tiles, and railings provide critical insights for reconstructing Goryeo-erawooden pagodas or buildings. Scientific preservation was conducted to stabilize the fragile state of the artifact. Material analysis revealed that the pagoda was cast using a copper-tin-lead alloy, with all components sharing identical alloy characteristics. The gilding technique involved applying gold leaf rather than mercury amalgam, as confirmed by the absence of mercury in the gilded layer. Furthermore, the copper alloy wire used for hanging wind chimes was produced through a drawing technique, as evidenced by the processing marks. This study highlights the significance of the pagoda as a vital resource for understanding Goryeo-era metalworking and architectural techniques.
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