19세기 王室 後援 사찰의 조형성 - 高宗年間을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Since the beginning of the 19th century, the financial supports for Buddhist temples by the royal family have sharply increased. These supports were carried out very frequently during King Gojong’s reign. According to various records of temples nationwide and literature cited from the Buddhist temple history-record, for the nominal local temples around capital area, large-scale supports as near as reconstruction were made by Regent Heungseon Daewongun and King Gojong while Buddhist painting development was supported mainly by the queens and the royal concubines. Beside the temples around capital area, This study examined the royal family’s sponsorships for the temples related to the first king (Yi Seong-gye) of the Joseon Dynasty, large historic temples in Mt. Geumgang, Sago(史庫) temples (that functioned as historical libraries), Joposa(造泡寺) temple(that were usually located by the tombs of king, prince and princess and delivered tofu and commodities for ancestral rites). Among them, the large historic temples in Mt. Geumgang were supported in large-scale for the longest periods of the time. These temples received gongmyeongcheop(空名帖: blank office warrants) as an official support of the royal family and Neatanggeum (內帑金: privy purse of king) as an unofficial support when destroyed by fire so they could be promptly restored to their former state. Other temples were also supported by the royal family when damaged by fire but the amount of supports depended on the importance of each temple. In this regard, a link with royal family wielded strong influence. Meanwhile, through the relation record, it was found that there were seungjang (monk carpenters) and seonseung (Zen monks) and hwajuseung (monks who preach Buddhism sermons to the public and encourage people to donate). Chimgye-minyeol (枕溪敏悅) was a Zen monk and a competent carpenter at the same time who participated in the Buddhism affairs of royal family more than three times. Therefore, he participated in the affairs of royal family-sponsored temples such as building of Bongeun-sa temple, Cheolwon Seokdaeam temple, Hwagye-sa temple, Gimryong-sa temple and Geonbong-sa temple as a dopyeonsu (都片手, master carpenter) or a dogam(都監, project supervisor). Gyeongun-yiji (景雲以祉) was a venerable monk of Gimlyong-sa temple who mainly worked in Mt. Sabul (四佛山, located in Sanbuk-myeon, Mungyeong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do), but he is also noted for having written the records of the temples related to the royal houehold in Seoul since 1827. In addition, he participated in many Buddhism affairs together with Chimgyeminyeol. Beomun-chuigyeon(梵雲就堅) belonged to Hwagye-sa temple but he appeared to display his ability in the Buddhism affairs carried out on a national scale as a hwajuseung(化主僧) monk. His memorial stones stand in Hwagye-sa temple and Haein-sa temple. Especially, there is a portrait of him enshrined in Haein-sa temple appreciating his remarkable achievement in fund raising including securing the sponsorship by the royal family which was the key part of performing the Buddhism affairs. In this respect, through 『Dokgyeongjeongrye(讀經定例)』, it was found that there were Buddihism and shamanism rituals in the royal court. Daebang(大房) in the vicinity of capital area and Chukseongjun located by Sangwonam in Bohyun-sa temple indicate that the Buddhism architectures during King Gojong’s reign were very simialr in their plane, space composition, wooden bracket set system and roof shape. Also, it was found that Dae-bang(大房) construction existed not only in the vicinity of capital area but also throughout Mt. Geumgang area.