흥천사 대방(大房)의 건축적 특징

Abstract

Heungcheonsa was originally built in 1397 (the 6th year of King Taejo's reign) in Hwanghwabang, the site of Deoksugung Palace, as a temple of Jeongneung Royal Tomb, the tomb of Queen Sindeok. In the late Joseon Dynasty, it was rebuilt in its current location along with Queen Sindeok's Chubong, and with the support of the royal family in the 19th century, its appearance was renewed through the reconstruction and Buddhist service of various halls. Daebang Building was rebuilt in 1865 with the origin of Heungseon Daewongun, and it is presumed that the existing building was expanded. Daebang Architecture is a special form in temples in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do in relation to the form of worship and economic supporters of temples. Since the mid-19th century, the tendency to gradually accommodate various functions in one building has emerged in palaces and houses, and this trend can be seen in temple architecture. In Buddhist architecture, "Daebang" means a large-scale building where monks can gather together in a temple to perform seated lines, sermon, and meals, etc. A temple with a yard surrounded by buildings in the late Joseon Dynasty, it is a unique architecture with large ondol rooms, pavilions, and kitchens attached to the place where the pavilion was located. The temporal range of the 19th to early 20th centuries and the Daebang, which can be seen in limited areas such as Seoul and Gyeonggi areas, have a more specialized uniqueness here. The Daebang of Heungcheonsa is a representative example of the typical floor plan structure, architectural style, and location in the temple newly emerging in the 19th century. First, Daebang is placed in front of Geungnakbojeon Hall, the main Buddhist temple, and Daebang's building is configured to have the frontality of the temple. Second, spaces with different personalities in one building were configured to be closely connected while maintaining independence from each other. Third, it is the brevity of the wooden structure. There are four bent parts on the roof, so the roof structure is bound to be complicated. The center of the body is made of a wide whole compartment thread, and the floor structure is not a floor, but an ondol. Fourth, the hierarchicality expressed in the building components gradually collapses, and there is a tendency to intensively add colorful decorations to the place desired by the owner. Fifth, eaves were built in a way that does not install Hoecheomchuyeo, a characteristic of the central region, in the roof valley. Daebang is a building type of Buddhist architecture that shows the characteristics of the modern era pursuing economic feasibility and rationality by integrating and accepting various functions of the temple according to the necessity of Buddhist worship and hospitality space at the end of the Joseon Dynasty. Heungcheonsa Daebang is an example of the 19th century in the structure and decoration of the building, and the space is constructed to fit these functional characteristics well.