하동 쌍계사 나한전 석가여래삼존 및 십육나한상 연구

Abstract

Nahanjeon is on the right side of Daeungjeon(The Great Hero Hall) of Ssanggyesa Temple, Hadong. Nahanjeon is known to have been built during Monk Byeokam Gakseong(1575-1660) and this is verified by various records, including the Ssanggyesa Temple Historical Records (1857). Nahanjeon houses the Sixteen Arhats statues, including a wooden statue of the Sakyumuni Buddha Triad Statues. Until now, it had been vaguely assumed that the Sixteen Arhats statues were created in the first half of the 17th century, but a detailed academic investigation conducted by the Institute of Korea Art History in 2023 and further investigations in 2024 confirmed the origin of the statues and clarified who were sculptors. Records related to the production were found on the pedestal of the Nahanjeon’s sitting position statue of the Sakyumuni Buddha, the interior of the 15th Jonja(saint) statue (now the 1st statue), and the Palsangjeon(The Hall of Eight Aspects of Sakyamuni Buddha's life)’s sitting position statue of the Sakyumuni Buddha, which is enshrined as the main statue. Firstly, the main pedestal writings on the Nahanjeon’s sitting position statue of the Sakyumuni Buddha was confirmed that it was sculpted by the head monk sculptor Milyeong in 1643. the 15th Jonja(saint) origin text leaves only a brief record of the time of production and the patrons, so there is no information about the sculptor. However, the text of the Palsangjeon’s sitting position statue of the Sakyumuni Buddha shows not only when they were made, but also when the statues were created and the sculptors and patrons of each statue. The following conclusion can be drawn from reconstructing the statues by combining the composition and origin texts found on these three statues. The main Buddha of the Nahanjeon is currently enshrined in the Palsangjeon, and the sculptors were Seung-il, Chan-in, and Eung-hye, which is consistent with their sculpting style of the Nahan statue. Therefore, it is confirmed that the statues of Nahanjeon and Palsangjeon Buddha were switched at some point in modern times. The statues of the Ssanggyesa Nahanjeon were created by the followers of sculptor Seungil, who was very active in the first half of the 17th century, and it is clear that they were created in 1644 and are considered important. In addition, the main statue of the Sakyumuni Buddha was created in 1643 by monk Milyeong, who inherited monk Suyeon's sculptural style. It is a very useful resource for understanding the inheritance and activities of the followers of monk sculptor Suyeon. In particular, the record of the making of the Buddha statue is consistent with the historical record that Monk Byeokam Gakseong built Nahanjeon during the construction of Ssanggyesa Temple after Hwaeumsa Temple.