고려시대 원구제천의례의 춤에 관한 연구

Abstract

This study is to look into dances performed in rituals by aiming at Wongu(圓丘) rite of Goryeo Dynasty linking the ancient and modern in Korean dance history. The Wongu rite that was firstly conducted in the 2nd year of King Seongjong’s reign is one of most important national ancestral rites as an agricultural rite. It was regularly performed twice a year in January and early summer but for a special case such as drought, rites were performed temporarily. Later, rites were revised again in the Seongjong Era, and not only rites of Song dynasty but also its music and dance were accepted. Dances performed in Wongu rite is Ilmu(佾舞). Ilmu is a representative court dance of court music. As six-Ilmu(六佾舞) consisting of total 36 dancers in 6 rows and 6 columns in Goryeo Dynasty, Munmu(文舞) danced with Yak(籥) and Jeok(翟) and MuMu(武舞) danced with Gan(shield) and Gwa(spear). Later, six-Ilmu was changed from 36 dancers to 48 dancers after the reign of King Yìzōng, and Mugu of Muwon leading Munmu was changed. Mugu of six-Ilmu with 36dancers used Gan(shield) and Gwa(spear) while Mugu of six-Ilmu with 48 danced with Gan(shield) and Cheok(ax, knife) instead of spear. Music used in Illmu is Daesungak(court music) and Sokak(Korean music), traditional court music. Daesungak used in Illmu is court music that was reduced and reorganized court music of Song Dynasty as Heonga. Sokak(Korean music) was used as ancestral rite music of court before Daesungak of Song Dynasty was accepted but later performed together. In addition, Ilmu was performed in Wongu rite installed in Wongudan(圓丘壇). Wongudan of Goryeo Dynasty accepted Chinese rites and it was 1/6 of Chinese one and it was four-story high while Goryeo’s was one-story high. This seems to be related to differences between Song and Goryeo in terms of the number of dances and the organization of instruments in Illmu. Wongu rite of Goryeo Dynasty accepted Chinese rite but was selectively reorganized, and dances performed in rites were also processed according to the size of nation. In addition, a dance(Ilmu) of Wongu rite used our own tradition mixed with Confucianism so it is very independent.