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공중 상황이론의 수정과 진화: 문제해결 상황이론을 중심으로

Building Further on the Situational Theory of Publics Theoretical Evolution to Situational Theory of Problem Solving and Future Research

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류신문방송학

초록

PR기획과 실행에 있어 공중을 정의하고 핵심 공중을 식별하는 일은 매우중요한 작업이다. PR학의 성립과 발전 과정에서 제임스 그루닉(James E. Grunig)의 ‘공중 상황이론(Situational Theory of Publics)’은 공중을 이론적으로 개념화하고 공중행위에 관련한 다양한 현상들과 공중세분화를 가능하게한 핵심적 기초이론이었다. 그럼에도 아직까지 공중 상황이론의 발전과정을 큰틀에서 논의하고 그 이론적 발전 방향을 종합적으로 제시하려는 노력은 미흡했다. 따라서 본 연구는 공중 상황이론의 이론적 탄생부터 수정과 발전, 확장이이뤄지고 있는 국내외 최신 연구흐름을 리뷰하고 공중 상황이론의 학술적 성과와 새로운 이론적 발전방향을 제시하고자 한다. 구체적으로 1966년 이후 공중상황이론의 등장과 수정, 그리고 ‘문제해결 상황이론(Situational Theory ofProblem Solving)’으로 진화하는 궤적을 연구 변인들과 그 이론적 전제들의변화 측면에서 살펴본 후, 디지털 미디어 중심의 소통 환경 변화에 맞춰 공중의커뮤니케이션 행동 특성을 설명함으로써 새로운 문제해결 상황이론의 가치와유용성을 조명하였다. 본 연구는 공중 상황이론의 기원은 물론 새롭게 제시된문제해결 상황이론의 학술적, 실무적 발전 방향을 조망하고 새로운 연구 주제들을 제언함으로써 PR의 학술적 후속 연구를 촉발하고 체계적인 실무적 지침을제공하는 데 의의를 둔다.

Abstract

The conceptualization and identification of publics are crucial to PRresearch and practice. James E. Grunig’s Situational Theory of Publics(STP) is a theory which has contributed significantly to the way publicsare theorized in the field of public relations, and has paved the way forseveral theories on publics and their behaviors. Yet, few scholars haveattempted to refine the concepts and frameworks outlined in Grunig’sSTP. This article aims to review the history, development, and the evolutionof the STP into the Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS). Specifically, this review article discusses the conceptual origin and theoreticalbase of the STP, and the evolutionary process that led to its generalizedtheory, the STOPS. In addition, this article discusses howSTOPS can contribute to understanding publics’ communicative actions,and to the methodologies involved in segmenting publics in today’s digitalized,networked society. The present article lays the groundwork forfurther development of future PR research and practice by outlining futuredirections for research and application of the STOPS in variousareas of public relations research.

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