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Exploratory Study on the Reconceptualization of Optimistic Bias as a Dual-Dimension Construct

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주제분류신문방송학

초록

The current study aimed to reconceptualize the optimistic bias construct composed of two dimensions-vulnerability illusion and controllability illusion-based on arguments of optimism and the likelihood of biases in two important variables in the health communication area: risk-perception and self-efficacy. Methodologically, 2 (indirect vs. direct) x 2 (Depression vs HIV/AIDS) between-subject survey was conducted. Four questionnaires were designed including question items in terms of measurement methods and the kinds of diseases, with participants assigned one of four questionnaires. Data from 463 participants (227 males and 236 females) from the online survey site and 179 participants (96 males and 83 females) from the off-line survey were employed for analysis. For the purpose of ensuring the optimistic bias construct’s (OBC) internal consistency, reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted, while its validity was tested through assessing the construct validity and implementing hierarchical regression analysis. The finding supported that the sub-dimension of the OBC could be constructs with acceptable reliability in all diseases. Considering λ2, Cronbach’s alpha, and the construct reliabilities for both dimensions, the instrument scales for vulnerability illusion and controllability illusion acquired convergent validity and discriminant validity. In addition, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that considering two dimensions acquired higher explanatory power than considering only vulnerability illusion. In conclusion, the current study is just an experimental attempt to explain that optimistic bias might not be a uni-dimensional construct, raising the possibility of a multi-dimensional construct.

Abstract

The current study aimed to reconceptualize the optimistic bias construct composed of two dimensions-vulnerability illusion and controllability illusion-based on arguments of optimism and the likelihood of biases in two important variables in the health communication area: risk-perception and self-efficacy. Methodologically, 2 (indirect vs. direct) x 2 (Depression vs HIV/AIDS) between-subject survey was conducted. Four questionnaires were designed including question items in terms of measurement methods and the kinds of diseases, with participants assigned one of four questionnaires. Data from 463 participants (227 males and 236 females) from the online survey site and 179 participants (96 males and 83 females) from the off-line survey were employed for analysis. For the purpose of ensuring the optimistic bias construct’s (OBC) internal consistency, reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted, while its validity was tested through assessing the construct validity and implementing hierarchical regression analysis. The finding supported that the sub-dimension of the OBC could be constructs with acceptable reliability in all diseases. Considering λ2, Cronbach’s alpha, and the construct reliabilities for both dimensions, the instrument scales for vulnerability illusion and controllability illusion acquired convergent validity and discriminant validity. In addition, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that considering two dimensions acquired higher explanatory power than considering only vulnerability illusion. In conclusion, the current study is just an experimental attempt to explain that optimistic bias might not be a uni-dimensional construct, raising the possibility of a multi-dimensional construct.

참고문헌 (70)

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