17세기 사대부가의 종이 사용과 공급- 조극선의 일기를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper is a study of the usage, supply process, and perception of paper in the daily life of a literati household in seventeenth-century Joseon through an examination of two of Jo Geuk-seon’s diaries, Daily Records of Inje (忍齋日錄) and Daily Records of Yagok (冶谷日錄). In addition to using paper as recording media, gifts, or financial aid, and so on, Jo Geuk-seon also used paper in relation to food, clothing, and shelter (for example, to wrap food, to paper the walls, to use as mats, etc.) in daily life. Jo Geuk-seon primarily commissioned Buddhist temples to produce paper for his use, and the way this was done is decisively different from how paper was commissioned in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Joseon in that Jo himself, the customer, not only transported and provided the temples with raw material for paper but also participated in and supervised the processing of the raw material, i.e., mulberry bark, into paper. Furthermore, the quality and quantity of the raw material he supplied determined the amount of paper produced. The main paper supplier for Jo was Gaya Temple; he was also furnished with paper from nearby temples such as Sudeok Temple, Iljo Hermitage, and Cho Hermitage without interruption. The next major source of paper was his relatives appointed to local government offices. An example of this can be verified clearly through the case in which Jo received paper on several occasions from the local government office where his uncle Park An-haeng was the local magistrate. In some cases, moreover, he sometimes purchased paper or traded something for it in the market, but this was only to obtain paper for the government service examination. Lastly, this paper examines Jo Geuk-seon's perception of and attitude toward paper. His desire to pass the government service examination is reflected in his obsession with paper used in the exam. His diary contains a detailed record of his vigorous search for thick paper of high quality prior to taking the government examination. On a few occasions, he would borrow paper from people around him when he did not have enough of it, which seems to be a necessary act that arose as part of life's unexpected occurrences in living in a remote area where accumulation of paper was not possible. Furthermore, records of Jo's usage of paper to buy groceries at the market or to pay for room and board during his travels provides verification of the fact that paper was also used as currency in kind in seventeenth-century Joseon.