19세기 寶匠 全씨 집안 형제들의 활동실태와 金寶匠으로의 성장과정 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the growth and development of craftsmen involved in the production of royal seals—symbols of royal authority—over a span of 30 to 50 years during the 19th-century Joseon period. Focusing on the artisans Jeon Sam-deuk, Jeon Heung-seok, and Jeon Heung-gil, this study analyzes their activities and career progression. According to Uigwe ("Illustrated Record of Rituals"), members of the Jeon family began their work as seal-makers in the late 18th century, continuing into the early 20th century. They were responsible for crafting gold seals in offices established for significant events such as royal marriages, state funerals, and ceremonies honoring royal family members. When first mobilized for these offices, Jeon family artisans typically started in the lowest positions within the metalcraft field, such as Magyeongjang (metal-sanding artisans) or Duseokjang (brass making artisans). However, after 10 to 15 years, upon being mobilized again, they had advanced to mid-level positions, suggesting that they refined their skills during the intervening years. Over time, many Jeon family craftsmen rose to leadership roles, heading the Magyeongjang or Duseokjang offices during their mobilizations, which occurred every 2 to 3 years. These artisans also distinguished themselves by producing multiple gold seals for significant state ceremonies. While other craftsmen typically made only one seal when called upon, Jeon Sam-deuk created nine gold seals in the early 19th century, and Jeon Heung-seok and Jeon Heung-gil each produced seven seals from the late 19th century into the Korean Empire period. The seals they made were preserved in Jongmyo (the Royal Ancestral Shrine) and have been passed down through generations. In 2003, these artifacts were designated as treasures, representing key examples of craftsmanship from this period.