조선 말~20세기 초 근기지역 종중재산 소유 양상에 관한 사례연구- 경기도 광주 중대동 광주안씨 종중토지 관련 고문서 자료의 재해석 -

Abstract

This article is a case study examining the social status of the head family and the significance of the lineage group organization at a village of the same surname in Gyeonggi Province at the end of the Joseon period. For this purpose, materials from the early 20th century were selected and analyzed among the old documents of Sunam Ahn Jeong‐bok’s lineage group (Gwangju Ahn family), which are now stored at Jangseogak of the Academy of Korean Studies (AKS). This lineage group has been living in Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province from the early Joseon to the present, and in the late Joseon period, they formed a gye of lineage group (宗契), and conducted various activities such as publishing their genealogy. Therefore, it can be a representative case to show the activity patterns and characteristics of the lineage group organization in the Joseon era. Considering that the existing research on lineage groups has mainly focused on Yeongnam region, exploring a case of Gyeonggi region will contribute to broadening the horizons of this field of study. As a result of data analysis, this study found that data from the 20th century was mistaken for that of the 19th century in previous studies. It also confirmed that the size of some lineage groups’ property and their pattern of organizing their groups were inferred only from data produced by the lineage groups. To solve these problems, this article analyzed the Land Survey Ledger, which provides information on the total size of land owned by the Gwangju Ahn lineage group from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, and then compared it with the old documents owned by the lineage group. Through this, the land area of ​​the lineage group can be identified more accurately than before, and it was possible to more accurately understand the meaning of the organization (gye) of the lineage group formed in the early 19th century when Sunam Ahn Jeong‐bok lived. The Gwangju Ahn family had owned massive land before forming the organization of lineage group during the lifetime of Sunam Ahn Jeong‐bok. Nevertheless, the Ahn Jeong‐bok lineage group continued to purchase land, adding to the property of their lineage group and formed the lineage organization. Their purchase of additional land was not because of a lack of property but rather it was to strengthen bond between the descendants of the Gwangju Ahn family scattered across the country. Unlike other lineage groups living nearby, the Sunam lineage group of Gwangju Ahn family had a great portion of lineage group property, whereas the head family owned very little. This is a feature different from the lineage group of Yeongnam region, which emphasizes the authority of the head family. Therefore, this study shows that when interpreting the relationship between head families and the non‐head families in the late Joseon period, it is inappropriate to apply the typical cases of the Yeongnam region, which prioritizes the head family, to other regions. Therefore, it can be understood that the status of the Ahn Jeong‐bok head family in the Gwangju Ahn lineage group today is not the result of the hierarchical consciousness that grants authority to the head family, as in the case of the Yeongnam region, but rather it was given due to the academic achievement of Sunam Ahn Jeong‐bok and historical evaluation of him by later generations.