출신지역의 사회·문화적 특성이 출산에 미치는 영향
The Impacts of Socio-cultural Determinants on Fertility in South Korea
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본 연구의 목적은 지역에 내재된 사회·문화적 환경이 지역별 거주 가구의 출산행태에 미치는 차별적 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 이를 위해 첫째, 우리나라 출산력의 지역 간 차이와 그 배경이 되는 사회·문화적 이질성의 확인을 위해 전국의 시·도 단위에서 출산 자녀수를 비교 분석하였다. 둘째, 거주지역에 대한 사회경제적 특성의 통제가 가능한 서울지역 거주민을 대상으로 출신 지역별 출산 자녀수의 차이를 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 1980년부터 2020년까지 연도별 출산율은 전남, 전북 등 호남지역이 기타 지역에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 서울지역 거주 여성과 부부들이 다자녀를 가질 확률은, 호남 출신 가구들이 기타 지역 출신 가구들에 비해 높은 것으로 드러났다. 지역에 내재하는 사회경제 및 산업적 특성을 통제한 상황에서도 표출되는 출신지별 출산율의 상이성은, 출신지별 사회·문화적 특성이 출산에 미칠 영향이 존재할 가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the different impacts that social and cultural environments within various regions have on the fertility behaviors of households in those areas. To this end, we first analyzed the total fertility rates across provinces (Si-Do) in South Korea, aiming to identify regional disparities in fertility and underlying socio-cultural heterogeneity by regions. Secondly, we analyzed differences in the number of children among women by their place of birth, focusing on samples only from the Seoul area to control for the socio-economic characteristics of the region. The findings can be summarized as follows: First, from 1980 to 2020, the fertility rates in regions such as Jeonnam and Jeonbuk area were consistently higher than in other regions. Second, the probability of women and couples residing in Seoul to have multiple children was significantly higher among those originating from Honam, as opposed to those from other regions. The consistency of these differences in fertility rates by birthplace, even when controlling for the socio-economic and industrial characteristics specific to the region. These findings indicate the potential influence of regional socio-cultural characteristics on fertility behaviors.
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