본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

여성창업가의 심리적, 환경적, 개인적 특성이 창업동기와 창업성과에 미치는 영향

The Study on the Women Entrepreneurs’ Psychological, Environmental, Personal Factors Affecting on Entrepreneurial Motivation and Performance

김진수|이창영|오혜미
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)|2014.04|벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)|제9권 제2호|pp. 45-60|DOI 10.16972/apjbve.9.2.201404.45

2

조회

0

다운로드

28

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

Network네트워크경력단절기업가정신EntrepreneurshipCareer Barrier창업효능감창업동기창업성과Women Entrepreneurship여성창업Entrepreneurial PerformanceEntrepreneurial MotivationEntrepreneurial Self-efficacy

초록

최근 여성들의 학력과 사회적인 지위가 높아지면서 여성창업가들이 증가하고 있다. 또한 창업에 대한 연구들도 활발해지면서 여성창업에 대해서도 연구도 증가하고 있다. 여성창업에 대한 연구는 여성들의 기업가정신, 창업동기, 성과간의 관계에 대하여 논의되어 왔지만 체계적인 연구가 부족하다. 그러나 여성창업의 활성화를 위해서는 여성창업가들에 대한 다양한 측면의 연구들이 필요하다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구는 여성창업가들의 심리적, 환경적, 개인적 특성들이 창업효능감과 창업동기, 창업성과에 미치는 영향을 실증연구를 통해 규명하고자 한다. 본 연구는 여성창업가들을 대상으로 설문하여 실증 분석하였으며, 분석결과 여성창업의 심리적 요인들이 창업효능감의 탐색, 계획, 실행단계에 영향을 미치고 환경적 요인들과 개인적 요인들은 집행, 실행단계에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 창업효능감의 탐색단계는 창업동기에 영향을 미치고 창업 동기는 창업성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구의 결과는 우리나라의 여성창업기업의 증가와 성장을 위해서 이론적 시사점 및, 정책 지원 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

Abstract

In recent year's we have seen that due to education and social position there has been a significant increase in the number of women engaging in entrepreneurial activities. Concurrently research into the activities of women currently engaged in entrepreneurial activities has increased. This research has focused on the individuals themselves, their motivations and the performance of their ventures but there is not enough systematic research on the subject. Therefore it is necessary expand the criteria of the current research to examine every aspect of how these emergent entrepreneurs operate and to provide others with the same goals the appropriate skills and knowledge needed to succeed. This study wants to identify and evaluate the psychological, environmental and personal characteristics that these women possess and to assess the impact these factors have on the level of their success. This study will focus on those women who were empirical in their methods as this lends itself better to a detailed systematic analysis. It will examine the concept of entrepreneurial self-efficacy with regard to how they searched, planned, marshaled and implemented steps to influence the environmental and personal factors that affected them. In addition the searching phase of entrepreneurial self-efficacy directly influences entrepreneurial motivation and thus performance. The results of this study will suggest that as Korean women's interest in entrepreneurship grows it will have wide reaching theoretical implications and affect the direction of the policy that supports it.

참고문헌 (115)

  1. Aldrich, H., "The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship", pp.3~23 (1986), Ballinger
  2. Buttner, H., "Bank loan officers’ perceptions of the characteristics of men, women and successful entrepreneurs", Journal of Business Venturing, 3(3), pp.249~258 (1988)
  3. 백윤정, "여성창업자의 배태조직경험과 사회적 자본, 그리고 직장가정갈등이 조직성과에 미치는 영향", 경영연구, 20(2), pp.175~203 (2005), 한국산업경영학회
  4. 반성식, "기업가정신과 창업보육센터 지원이 기업성과에 미치는 영향", 생산성논집, 23(2), pp.215~234 (2009), 한국생산성학회
  5. Bartol, K. M., "Applicant referent information at hiring interview and subsequent turnover among part-time workers", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 53(3), pp.334~352 (1998)
  6. Baum, J. R., "The relation of traits, competencies, motivation, strategy, and structure to venture growth", Frontiers of entrepreneurship research, 5, pp.13~21 (1995)
  7. Bird, B., "A gendered perspective on organizational creation", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(3), pp.41~65 (2002)
  8. Birley, S., "A taxonomy of business start-up reasons and their impact on firm growth and size", Journal of Business Venturing, 9(1), pp.7~31 (1994)
  9. Boyd, N. G., "The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(4), pp.63~63 (1994)
  10. Brush, C. G., "Factors Motivating Small Companies to Internationalize: The Effect of Firm Age", 박사, pp.1992
  11. Burke, A. E., "Self-employment wealth and job creation : the roles of gender, non-pecuniary motivation and entrepreneurial ability", Small Business Economics, 19(3), pp.255~270 (2002)
  12. Burt, R., "Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition" (1992), Harvard University Press
  13. Bygrave, W. D., "Mom-and-pops, high potential startups, and intrapreneurship: Are they part of the same entrepreneurship paradigm", Advances in entrepreneurship. firm emergence and growth, 2, pp.73~96 (1995)
  14. Chacko, T. I., "Women and equal employment opportunity : Some unintended effects", Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(1), pp.119~123 (1982)
  15. Chaganti, R., "Management in women-owned enterprises", Journal of Small Business Management, 24(4), pp.18~29 (1986)
  16. Chaganti, R., "Venture performance : gender, goals, business strategies and management practices. Lerner M., Brush CG, Hisrich RD Israeli Women Entrepreneurs : An Examination of Factors Affecting Performance", Journal of Business Venturing, 12(4), pp.315~339 (1994)
  17. Chandler, G. N, "Measuring the performance of emerging businesses : A validation study", Journal of Business venturing, 8(5), pp.391~408 (1993)
  18. 최은영, "여성근로자의 일·가정 관계가 성과에 미치는 영향: 비업무적 지원제도의 조절효과를 중심으로", 벤처창업연구, 7(1), pp.233~244 (2012), 한국벤처창업학회
  19. Choi, T. Y., "The study of relations between CEO characteristics and performance of Woman's Enterprise", Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 2(3), pp.123~143 (2007)
  20. Chun, B. J, "Women Entrepreneurs in SMEs in Korea and in the United States : Characteristics of their Start-Up Process and Management Style", THE KOREAN SMALL BUSINESS REVIEW, 24(2), pp.61~87 (2002)
  21. 정대용, "신생벤처 창업가의 행동 특성과 네트워크 활동이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 탐색적 연구", 한국산학기술학회논문지, 10(11), pp.3354~3362 (2009), 한국산학기술학회
  22. Cooper, A. C., "Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance", Journal of business venturing, 9(5), pp.371~395 (1994)
  23. Covin, J. G., "Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments", Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), pp.75~87 (1989)
  24. Covin, J. G., "Entrepreneurship : critical perspectives on business and management", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16, pp.7~25 (1991)
  25. Cox, L. W., "The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial self-efficacy", International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 1(2), pp.229~245 (2002)
  26. Crites, J. O., "Vocational Psychology" (1969), McGraw-Hill
  27. Cromie, S., "Networking by female business owners in Northern Ireland", Journal of business Venturing, 7(3), pp.237~251 (1992)
  28. Cuba, R., "Management practices of successful female business owners", American Journal of Small Business, 8(2), pp.40~46 (1983)
  29. Deaux, K., "Explanations of successful performance on sex-linked tasks : What is skill for the male is luck for the female", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29(1), pp.80~85 (1974)
  30. Donnell, S., "Men and women as managers : A significant case of no significant difference", Organizational Dynamics, 8(4), pp.60~77 (1980)
  31. Drucker, P. F., "Managing for results" (1964), Allied Publishers
  32. Dubno, P., "Attitudes toward women executives : A longitudinal approach", Academy of Management Journal, 28(1), pp.235~239 (1985)
  33. Elfring, T., "Networks in entrepreneurship : the case of high-technology firms", Small Business Economics, 21(4), pp.409~422 (2003)
  34. Fiet, J. O., "Information basis of entrepreneurial discovery", Small Business Economics, 8(6), pp.419~430 (1996)
  35. Fischer, E. M., "A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender, and entrepreneurship", Journal of Business Venturing, 8(2), pp.151~168 (1993)
  36. Garnsey, E, "Theory of the early growth of the firm", Industrial and Corporate Change, 7, pp.523~536 (1998)
  37. Gartner, W. B., "A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation", Academy of management review, 10(4), pp.696~706 (1985)
  38. Gist, M. E., "Self-efficacy : A theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability", Academy of Management review, 17(2), pp.183~211 (1992)
  39. Goffee, R., "Women in Charge : The Experiences of Female Entrepreneurs" (1985), George Allen and Unwin
  40. Goleman, D., "In the liberated 80s sexual stereotypes are alive and well", New York Times August 23, 11~ (1988)
  41. Gordon, V. N, "The undecided student : a developmental perspective", Personnel and Guidance Journal, 59, pp.433~439 (1981)
  42. Gulati, R., "Managing network resources: alliances, affiliations and other relational assets" (2007), Oxford University Press
  43. Havnes, P. A., "A panel study of firm growth among SMEs in networks", Small business economics, 16(4), pp.293~302 (2001)
  44. 한정화, "여성벤처기업의 창업동기와 경영특성에 관한 탐색적 연구", 중소기업연구, 25(3), pp.13~355 (2003), 한국중소기업학회
  45. Heilman, M. E., "The perceived cause of work success as a mediator of sex discrimination in organization", Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 21(3), pp.346~357 (1978)
  46. Hertz, L., "The Business Amazons" (1986), Deutsch
  47. Hisrich, R., "The woman entrepreneur : Management skills and business problems", Journal of Small Business Management, 22(1), pp.30~37 (1984)
  48. Holton, V., "Gender and Choice in Education and Occupation", pp.162~173 (1998), Routledge
  49. Hoang, H., "Network-based research in entrepreneurship: a critical review", Journal of Business Venturing, 18(2), pp.165~187 (2003)
  50. Hughes, D. L., "Gender, job and family conditions, and psychological symptoms", Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18(2), pp.251~270 (1994)
  51. Hughes, M., "Deconstructing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance at the embryonic stage of firm growth", Industrial Marketing Management, 36(5), pp.651~661 (2007)
  52. Hwang, M. A., "The Effect of Characteristics of Women Entrepreneurs on Managerial and Social Performances", 박사, Department of Business Administration Graduate School, pp.2008
  53. 황희숙, "기혼여성의 고용지위 결정요인에 관련한 사회변인 분석", 벤처창업연구, 7(3), pp.181~190 (2012), 한국벤처창업학회
  54. 장성희, "환경 불확실성을 고려한 여성창업가의 특성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향", 생산성논집, 23(4), pp.151~175 (2009), 한국생산성학회
  55. Johnson, S., "Male and female entrepreneurs and their businesses: A comparative study", Women in Business: perspectives on women entrepreneurs, pp.70~85 (1993)
  56. Kalleberg, A. L., "Gender and organizational performance: Determinants of small business survival and success", Academy of management journal, 34(1), pp.136~161 (1991)
  57. Kickul, J., "Intuition Versus Analysis? Testing Differential Models of Cognitive Style on Entrepreneurial Self‐Efficacy and the New Venture Creation Process", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(2), pp.439~453 (2009)
  58. 김은영, "한국 대학생 진로탐색장애검사(KCBI)의개발 및 타당화 연구", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 14(1), pp.219~240 (2002), 한국상담심리학회
  59. Kim, K. S., "A Study on the Effects of Venture Entrepreneurs' Competence in Their Business Performances", 박사, pp.2005
  60. 김미숙, "관광관련 대학생들의 개인적 요인, 교육과 조직적 요인이 창업의도에 미치는 영향 - 창업 자기효능감의 매개효과 -", 외식경영연구, 15(4), pp.61~84 (2012), 한국외식경영학회
  61. 김상표, "한국의 여성 창업성향 변화에 관한 실증분석", 기업가정신과 벤처연구, 13(1), pp.1~21 (2010), 한국중소기업학회
  62. 김영경, "고학력 경력단절여성의 경력개발계획과 재취업교육 요구 분석 연구", 여성연구, 73(2), pp.85~118 (2007), 한국여성정책연구원
  63. Kogut, B., "The network as knowledge : generative rules and the emergence of structure", Strategic management journal, 21(3), pp.405~425 (2000)
  64. Krueger, Jr, N. F., "How Believing in Ourselves Increases Risk Taking : Perceived Self‐Efficacy and Opportunity Recognition", Decision Sciences, 25(3), pp.385~400 (1994)
  65. 곽선화, "여성의 경력 장애와 이직의도에 관한 연구", 인적자원관리연구, 14(3-1), pp.1~23 (2007), 한국인적자원관리학회
  66. Lampe, A., "Review of the Book Gender in the Workplace : A Case Study Approach", Gender. Work an Organization, 8(3), pp.346~351 (2001)
  67. Langowitz, N., "The entrepreneurial propensity of women", Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 31(3), pp.341~364 (2007)
  68. Larson, A, "Network dyads in entrepreneurial settings: A study of the governance of exchange relationships", Administrative science quarterly, 37(1), pp.76~104 (1992)
  69. Lavie, D., "The competitive advantage of interconnected firms : An extension of the resource-based view", Academy of management review, 31(3), pp.638~658 (2006)
  70. Lee-Gosselin, H., "Are women owner-managers challenging our definitions of entrepreneurship? An in-depth survey", Journal of business ethics, 9(4-5), pp.423~433 (1990)
  71. 이현주, "남녀 대학생이 지각한 진로장애요인과 진로포부의 관계에서 학업적 자기효능감의 매개효과 비교", 교육문제연구, 27(1), pp.1~28 (2014), 교육문제연구소
  72. Lee, J. W., "A Conceptual Study on the Success Factor of High Tech Venture", Advancing Small Enterprise Innovation Research, 1(2), pp.69~231 (1998)
  73. 이상석, "여성기업의 창업동기, 성공요인, 성과간의관계에 관한 연구", 중소기업연구, 28(4), pp.45~64 (2006), 한국중소기업학회
  74. 이우진, "대학생의 직업선택 동기가 창업에 대한 자아효능감과 창업의지에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구", 벤처창업연구, 8(3), pp.113~124 (2013), 한국벤처창업학회
  75. 이우진, "대학의 창업교육 품질이 교육만족도와 창업의지에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 경영교육연구, 28(3), pp.105~131 (2013), 한국경영교육학회
  76. Lent, R. W., "Contextual supports and barriers to career choice : A social cognitive analysis", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(1), pp.36~49 (2000)
  77. Lerner, M., "Israeli women entrepreneurs : an examination of factors affecting performance", Journal of Business Venturing, 12(4), pp.315~339 (1997)
  78. Lirtzman, S., "Determinants of coalition behavior of men and women : Sex roles of situational requirements", Journal of Applied Psychology, 56(5), pp.40~411 (1972)
  79. Locke, E. A., "A theory of goal setting & task performance" (1990), Prentice-Hall, Inc
  80. Loscocco, K. A., "Barriers to women's small-business success in the United States", Gender & Society, 5(4), pp.511~532 (1991)
  81. Matsuno, K., "The effects of entrepreneurial proclivity and market orientation on business performance", Journal of marketing, 66(3), pp.18~32 (2002)
  82. McGee, J. E., "Entrepreneurial Self‐Efficacy : Refining the Measure", Entrepreneurship theory and Practice, 33(4), pp.965~988 (2009)
  83. McWhirter, E. H., "Perceived barriers to education and career : Ethnic and gender differences", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50(1), pp.124~140 (1997)
  84. 민경세, "창업 여성CEO의 특성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향 연구", 벤처창업연구, 6(4), pp.1~20 (2011), 한국벤처창업학회
  85. Morrison, M. H., "The dilemma of growth : understanding venture size choices of women entrepreneurs", Journal of Small Business Management, 44(2), pp.221~244 (2006)
  86. Morrison, A. M., "Breaking the glass ceiling: Can women reach the top of America's largest corporations?" (1992), Basic Books
  87. Mueller, S. L., "East-west differences in entrepreneurial self-efficacy : implications for entrepreneurship education in transition economies", International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 1(4), pp.613~632 (2003)
  88. 나중덕, "여성창업기업의 환경 및 경영자의 특성, 협력활동이 성과에 미치는 영향", 중소기업연구, 26(1), pp.175~202 (2004), 한국중소기업학회
  89. Neider, L, "A preliminary investigation of female entrepreneurs in Florida", Journal of Small Business Management, 25(3), pp.22~29 (1987)
  90. Okafor, C., "Entrepreneurial Motivations as Determinants of Women Entrepreneurship Challenges. Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti Bulletin", Economic Sciences Series, 62(2), pp.67~77 (2010)
  91. Park, S. H., "A Study on the Background of Women Entrepreneurship in Korea", 석사, pp.1994
  92. Park, S. M., "A Study on the networking and performance of new ventures in Korea", 석사, pp.1997
  93. Powell, W. W., "Innovation Networks" (2006), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation
  94. Quan, X., "Prior experience, social network, and levels of entrepreneurial intentions", Management Research Review, 35(10), pp.945~957 (2012)
  95. Rosenstein. .I., "Experimental research on race and sex discrimination : The record and the prospects", Journal of Occupational Behavior, 7(3), pp.215~226 (1986)
  96. 설병문, "창업자 특성과 사업기회의 상황 간에 관한 연구", 벤처창업연구, 8(1), pp.19~28 (2013), 한국벤처창업학회
  97. Sexton, D. L., "Female and male entrepreneurs : psychological characteristics and their role in gender-related discrimination", Journal of Business Venturing, 5(1), pp.29~36 (1990)
  98. Shane, S., "The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research", Academic Management Review, 25(1), pp.217~226 (2000)
  99. The social dimensions of entrepreneurship, "Shapero, A.", Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship, 72~90 (1982)
  100. Sexton, D. L., "Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship" (1982), Englewood Cliffs
  101. Singh, R. P., "The entrepreneurial opportunity recognition process: examining the role of self-perceived alertness and social networks", Academy of Management Meeting Best Paper Proceedings (1999)
  102. Srinivasan, T. N., "Human development : a new paradigm or reinvention of the wheel?", American Economic Review, 84(2), pp.238~243 (1994)
  103. Starr, A. S., "Resource cooptation via social contracting resource acquisition strategies for new resources", Strategic Management Journal, 11(1), pp.79~92 (1990)
  104. 손은령, "여자대학생이 지각한 진로장벽 요인에 관한 연구", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 14(1), pp.121~139 (2002), 한국상담심리학회
  105. Stephens, G. E., "Women as managers : Attitudes and attributions for performance by men and women", Academy of Management Journal, 23(2), pp.355~361 (1980)
  106. Stevenson, H. H., "A paradigm of entrepreneurship : entrepreneurial management", Strategic management journal, 11(5), pp.17~27 (1990)
  107. Suh, G. H., "The Study of Characteristics of Women Entrepreneurs and Micro-Credit System Improvement", Feminist Studies, 17(1), pp.51~86 (2007)
  108. Sutton, C., "Executive women: 20 years later", Harvard Business Review, 9, pp.42~66 (1985)
  109. Swanson, J. L., "Theory into practice in career assessment for women : Assessment and interventions regarding perceived barriers", Journal of Career Assessment, 5(4), pp.443~462 (1997)
  110. Timmons, J. A., "Venture capital's role in financing innovation for economic growth", Journal of Business Venturing, 1(2), pp.161~176 (1986)
  111. New venture strategies, "Vesper, K. H.", University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship, ~ (1990)
  112. Weon, J. H., "Effects of Networking Activities on Venture Business Performance", Entrepreneurship and Venture, 4(1), pp.55~62 (2001)
  113. Wilson, F., "Gender, Entrepreneurial Self‐Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Career Intentions : Implications for Entrepreneurship Education1", Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 31(3), pp.387~406 (2007)
  114. Zahra, S. A., "A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior : a critique and extension", Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 17, pp.5~5 (1993)
  115. Zhao, L., "Networking and growth of young technology-intensive ventures in China", Journal of business venturing, 10(5), pp.349~370 (1995)

관련 논문AI추천

여성기업의 창업동기, 성공요인, 성과간의관계에 관한 연구이상석한국중소기업학회 · 중소기업연구2006 · 제28권 제4호여성창업의 특성 탐색: 창업의도와 창업경험을 중심으로임이숙기업가정신학회 · 기업가정신연구2023 · 제4권 제1호여성창업기업의 경영성과에 영향을 미치는 요인의 연구 -지식과 기술기반기업을 중심으로-박종복, 양현봉한국창업학회 · 한국창업학회지2014 · 제9권 제3호창업 여성CEO의 특성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향 연구민경세, 안상철한국벤처창업학회 · 벤처창업연구2011 · 제6권 제4호여성창업 활성화를 위한 여성창업가의 특성요인에 관한 연구: 사례연구를 중심으로김윤선, 이일한한국벤처창업학회 · 벤처창업연구2022 · 제17권 제5호여성 사회적 기업가의 창업 동기와 성과 인식에 관한 연구김학실한국자치행정학회 · 한국자치행정학보2016 · 제30권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (19건)

외식업 창업자의 특성과 경영관리활동에 관한 연구홍효석, 김태훈pp. 1-13Random Walk Test on Hedge Ratios for Stock and Futures설병문pp. 15-21선도 기술벤처기업의 비즈니스모델 실행이 창업기업에 주는 시사점 : 코스닥상장기업의 사례분석 중심으로김종선, 양영석pp. 23-33전략과 인프라의 전략적 연계를 통한 농업벤처기업 경영혁신 사례 연구박상혁, 전형광, 한만선pp. 35-43한국과 중국동포의 심리적 특성과 창업동기가 창업의지에 미치는 영향박경석, 하규수pp. 61-70
원문 보기