통일신라~고려시대 흑산도 ‘읍동포구’의 ‘국제항’적 면모

Abstract

This is an article that raised the possibility that Eupdong Port on Heuksando Island served as an international port connecting a Korea-China sea route during the late Unified Silla Period and the Goryeo Dynasty. First of all, the official residence site and beacon site confirmed in Eupdong Port by archaeological investigations were used as an accommodation and communication facilities for sailors, and a temple whose name was revealed to be Musimsa Seonwon and a memorial site identified at the peak of Sangraasan Mountain were believed to have been used as a place of faith to pray for the safe navigation of the sailors. Through this, the aspect of Eupdong Port as an international port was examined. Next, this aspect of Heuksando Eupdong Port could be examined in the records of Ipdanggubeopsulyehaenggi written by Ennin in the 9th century and Goryeodogyeong written by Seogeung in the 12th century. In addition, this could be supported by related records such as Songsa and Taekriji. Also, in records such as Wonsa, it was confirmed that Mongolia and Goryeo expressed extraordinary interest in Heuksando Island from a maritime strategic point of view in the late 13th century, and through this, it was emphasized again that Heuksando Island was an important place on the East Asian sea route. However, it was observed that the aspect of Heuksando as an international port had ended around the middle of the 14th century, as the residents of Heuksando moved to Nampo along the Yeongsan River and it became an “empty island.” In addition, Heuksando Island officially became an “island where people live” with the establishment of Heuksanjin in the late 17th century, but it was discussed that its status as an international hub port could not be restored due to Joseon’s continued “sea ban policy.”