Viability assessment of nano-graphene oxide in alveolar epithelial cells treated with cigarette smoke extract
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Nano-graphene oxide (NGO) has a wide range of applications and garnered much attention, especially for its biological compatibility. In addition, the carbon atoms in NGO are tightly arranged in a honeycomb lattice, making it a promising material for functional adsorption. We investigated the biological effects of NGO on the lungs, as the lungs and subsequent respiratory tract exposure is the most predominant route of nanomaterial exposure. Furthermore, this study evaluated the interaction of NGOs with CSE (Cigarette Smoke Extract) in alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages using the adsorption capacity of NGOs. As a result, the graphene oxide of ≤ 62.5 μg/mL concentration alone has no cytopathic effect on tested cell lines, but at higher concentrations, cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent. Also, co-treatment with graphene oxide and CSE had no toxic mitigating effect on any of the cell lines tested, whereas pre-incubation and treatment with them had a significant toxic mitigating effect. Taken together, our research reveals that under acute exposure environments at actual NGO exposure doses, human health impacts are insignificant, and NGO is an advanced material that may be utilized as a cigarette filter due to its high adsorption ability to CSE.
Abstract
Nano-graphene oxide (NGO) has a wide range of applications and garnered much attention, especially for its biological compatibility. In addition, the carbon atoms in NGO are tightly arranged in a honeycomb lattice, making it a promising material for functional adsorption. We investigated the biological effects of NGO on the lungs, as the lungs and subsequent respiratory tract exposure is the most predominant route of nanomaterial exposure. Furthermore, this study evaluated the interaction of NGOs with CSE (Cigarette Smoke Extract) in alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages using the adsorption capacity of NGOs. As a result, the graphene oxide of ≤ 62.5 μg/mL concentration alone has no cytopathic effect on tested cell lines, but at higher concentrations, cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent. Also, co-treatment with graphene oxide and CSE had no toxic mitigating effect on any of the cell lines tested, whereas pre-incubation and treatment with them had a significant toxic mitigating effect. Taken together, our research reveals that under acute exposure environments at actual NGO exposure doses, human health impacts are insignificant, and NGO is an advanced material that may be utilized as a cigarette filter due to its high adsorption ability to CSE.
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