발레에서 낭만주의 이후 고전주의가 등장한 이유에 대한 고찰

Abstract

A transition period between Classicism and Romanticism, the 18th century has some highly important meanings in terms of the theory and the trend of arts in history. First, it was both a period of the transition to new manufacturing processes called the Industrial Revolution and a period of the French Revolution, the far-reaching social and political upheaval in France. These two epochal events facilitated industrialization, urbanization and the rise of the public in the whole European nations and helped people pursue new orders, norms and values away from the ancient regime. Second, the mimetic theory of art was largely replaced by the representational theory of art. While the former focused on the standardizable elements like the case of proportion equipped with completeness and unity, the latter was a concept with which artists could freely express natural emotions and sentiments away from non-humanistic rules and norms. Third, as far as the trend of arts was concerned, there appeared Romanticism as a new attitude or intellectual orientation that can be seen as a rejection of the precepts that typified Classicism. While Classicism emphasized the intellectual capacity of reason and regulated arts ― confining them under the principle of aesthetics ― Romanticism respected emotions and imagination and pursued more liberal and sentimental arts. What is worthy of note here is that the genre of ballet met the age of Classicism after that of Romanticism, reversing the general trend that Classicism is usually followed by Romanticism. As part of the reasons, the art of dance got off to a much belated start compared with other genres of arts, thus making it virtually impossible for the genre to establish the completion of forms — the typical characteristic of Classicism that flourished between the 16th and the 18th century. Besides, ballet came to be established as an independent performance art in the early 19th century and met the age of Romanticism that was the dominant trend of arts during the period. That was one of the reasons why classical ballet emerged after the romantic ballet unlike the cases of other arts that introduced Romanticism right after Classicism. After all, ballet made a continuous development until the late 19th century when its style was completed. For example, a lot of best known ballet forms were created by Marius Ivanovich Petipa (1818-1910) being considered to be the most influential master choreographer in classical ballet in the late 19th century. They include: diverse types of technical skills; divertissement that offers complicated and diversified techniques and spectacles or attractions; grand pas deux that is intensive and stylized; and mime that plays the role of dialogues. It was not until the late 19th century that classicism focusing on forms in arts represented the genre of ballet ― a trend that appears to swim against the current of the times.and the 18th century. Besides, ballet came to be established as an independent performance art in the early 19th century and met the age of Romanticism that was the dominant trend of arts during the period. That was one of the reasons why classical ballet emerged after the romantic ballet unlike the cases of other arts that introduced Romanticism right after Classicism. After all, ballet made a continuous development until the late 19th century when its style was completed. For example, a lot of best known ballet forms were created by Marius Ivanovich Petipa (1818-1910) being considered to be the most influential master choreographer in classical ballet in the late 19th century. They include: diverse types of technical skills; divertissement that offers complicated and diversified techniques and spectacles or attractions; grand pas deux that is intensive and stylized; and mime that plays the role of dialogues. It was not until the late 19th century that classicism focusing on forms in arts represented the genre of ballet ― a trend that appears to swim against the current of the times.