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독립시행훈련이 자폐성장애 유아의 사회적 의사소통기술의 습득에 미치는 효과

The Effect of Discrete Trial Training on Acquisition of Social Communication Skills of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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초록

이 연구는 용암법, 행동형성 및 행동연쇄 기법에 기반한 독립시행훈련(Discrete Trial Training, DTT) 방법이 자폐성장애 유아의 사회적 의사소통기술의 습득에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위하여 시도되었다. 첫째로, 자폐성장애 유아에게 사회적 의사소통기술을 효율적으로 가르칠 수 있는 독립시행훈련 프로그램을 제작하였고, 둘째로, 제작된 중재 프로그램을 연구대상에게 적용하여 그 효율성을 실험 검증하였다. 이 연구에서는 3명의 아동을 대상으로 각각 ⑴ 기능 설명을 듣고 관련되는 물건 가리키기, ⑵ 모음 ‘아, 어, 오, 우, 이’ 모방하기, (3) 그림을 순서대로 배열하고 설명하기 등의 표적행동이 선정되었고, 각각 용암법, 행동형성, 행동연쇄 기법에 기반한 DTT 프로그램이 적용되었다. 효과의 검증을 위하여 중다기초선설계법의 변형인 중다-탐색설계법(the multiple-probe design)이 사용되었으며, 연구결과는 용암법, 행동형성 및 행동연쇄 기법에 기반한 독립시행훈련은 자폐성장애 유아의 사회적 의사소통기술 습득에 효과가 있음을 입증하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of discrete-trial training(DTT) on acquisition of social communicative skills of young children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD). Three participants with previous diagnoses of ASD were selected from the list of children receiving services from the Korean Institute for Applied Behavior Analysis(KIABA). Target behaviors of this study were: (1) pointing the item related when the usage or function is explained, (2) imitating vowels “Ah, Eoh, Oh, Uh, Eeh”, (3) telling a story after arranging a set of three serial picture cards in order. Three DTT programs were developed to teach each of the target behaviors combined with fading, shaping, and chaining procedures, and examined the effectiveness through the experimental intervention. The multiple-probe design across training steps was conducted with 3 participants receiving discrete trial training. The results showed that all the three discrete trial training programs were highly effective to teach social communication skills to children with ASD.

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