능동적 칭의(Active Justification) 개념의 신학적 중요성과 필요성 고찰
A Study on the Theological Significance and Necessity of the Concept of Active Justification
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루이스 벌코프는 칭의를 능동적 칭의와 수동적 칭의로 그 영역을 구분하여 설명한다. 이러한 구분법은 일찍이 아브라함 카이퍼의 글 속에서도 찾을 수 있는데 카이퍼 역시 칭의를 객관적 칭의(능동적 칭의)와 주관적 칭의(수동적 칭의)로 구분해 설명하기 때문이다. 능동적 칭의 개념은 하나님의 법정에서 행해지는 죄인에 대한 하나님의 능동적 선언이며, 수동적 칭의 개념은 하나님의 능동적 칭의 선언이 믿음을 통해 죄인의 양심과 의식의 법정에서 이루어지는 개념이다. 능동적 칭의 개념은 신학적‧실천적으로 매우 중요한 개념임에도 불구하고 레인 팁턴에 의해 그 개념이 비판 받고 있다. 본고는 팁턴의 비판을 향한 신학적 반응으로 팁턴이 능동적 칭의 개념을 오해하고 있다는 사실에 주목할 것이다. 능동적 칭의 개념은 신학적‧실천적으로 중요하고 필요한 개념이다. 신학적으로는 칭의의 영역에서 하나님의 주권과 인간의 책임‧역할 사이에서 균형을 이루게 만드는 훌륭한 신학적 장치로 사용될 수 있으며, 실천적으로는 성도의 구원의 확신을 굳건케 만들뿐 아니라 영적인 패배주의를 극복할 수 있는 원동력을 제공해 줄 수 있기 때문이다.
Abstract
Louis Berkhof uses the distinction between active justification and passive justification to further elucidate the sphere of justification as a whole. Similarly, Abraham Kuyper also uses the distinction between objective justification and subjective justification. While the term active justification(or objective justification) describes the sinner’s righteousness proclaimed by divine decree in the court of God, passive justification(or subjective justification) describes the sinner’s appropriation by faith of that righteousness in the court of the human. Even though the concept of active justification is theologically valid and practically useful, the idea has been criticized by Lane Tipton. This study argues that Tipton’s criticism is untenable as it is based on a misconception of active justification per se. The study shows that active justification is a valid theological term that effectively describes God’s sovereignty in perfect balance with human responsibility in the sphere of justification. In addition, the idea of active justification provides a practical tool to aid true believers in overcoming spiritual defeatism.
참고문헌 (47)
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