반덤핑 조사시 국내 동종물품 판단기준의 실무 적용 방법
Practical Application of Standards to Determine Domestic Like Products in Anti-Dumping Investigations
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본 연구는 반덤핑 조사 시 국내 동종물품 판단기준의 쟁점을 고찰하고 효과적인 실무 적용방안 제시를 목적으로 한다. 반덤핑 조사과정에서 중요한 쟁점 중 하나인 동종물품 판단은 특히 국내 산업의 범위를 결정함에 있어 기초가 되기 때문에 제소 적격성, 누적평가 여부, 산업피해지표 판단에 영향을 미친다. GATT 체제에서 명확히 정의되지 않았던 동종물품은 WTO 반덤핑 협정 제2.6조에 “모든 면에서 동일한 상품” 또는 “매우 유사한 특성을 갖고 있는 동종물품”으로 정의되었으나 동종물품을 판단하는 구체적인 기준은 제시되지 못한 상태이다. 이에 각국의 조사 당국은 동종물품 판단기준을 재량적으로 적용하고 있으며 무역위원회는 1) 물리적 특성, 2) 구성요소 및 용도, 3) 제조공정, 4) 품질 및 소비자 평가, 5) 유통경로를 모두 충족하는 경우 동종성을 인정하는 실무 관행을 유지하고 있다. 이는 미국이나 EU 등 조사 당국에 비해 다소 엄격한 기준을 적용한 것이다. 동종성 기준에 대해 우선순위를 정하여 일부만을 충족하는 경우에도 인정하거나 상호대체성, 경쟁 여부, 가격 등 기준을 도입하여 물리적 특성 등이 상이하더라도 동종성을 인정하는 탄력적인 제도 운영을 검토할 필요가 있다. 이 밖에도 조치의 우회를 방지하기 위해 완제품과 반제품을 동종물품으로 인정하는 실무 방안을 도입하여 사안별, 품목별 시장 상황을 종합적으로 검토함으로써 무역위원회가 동종물품 판단에 재량권을 제고할 것을 제안한다.
Abstract
This paper reviews the practical application of standards to determine domestic like products in an antidumping investigation. Determination of domestic like product constitutes an important basis to determine the scope of domestic industry, which affects findings of standing, cumulation and injury indices. During the GATTperiod, domestic like product was not clearly defined, while Article 2.6 of the WTO Antidumping Agreement defines “like products” as “identical” or “product which has closely resembling those of the product under consideration.” However, it did not provide detailed standards to determine the domestic like products. Against this background, Korea Trade Commission (KTC) maintains its practice to find likeness strictly based on 1) physical characteristics, 2) composition and end use, 3) manufacturing process, 4) quality and consumer perception, 5) distribution channels. Comparing to the practices of the United States or the EU, KTC’s practice is a little bit stricter. However, KTC needs to consider flexible determination of likeness in cases where 1) a product meets only some elements or 2) introducing additional elements including substitutability, competitive relationship and prices, so that the KTCmay find likeness even in cases where the products have different physical characteristics. In addition, the authors propose that KTC needs to apply more discretion to find likeness on case-by-case basis and product-by-product bases, including by determining finished and semi-finished products as like products in order to avoid circumvention.
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