대인(對人) 강도․절도범의 재범 억제력에 관한 연구 - 처벌의 엄격성과 자기수치심의 영향력을 중심으로 -
A Review of Roles of severity of punishment and shame on special deterrence for thieves and robbers
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형벌의 억제효과에 관한 다양한 경험적 연구를 실행하고 이를 실질 정책에 반영하려는 외국의 형벌정책과 달리, 그동안 우리나라의 형벌의 억제력에 관한 경험적 연구는 거의 문헌연구에 주로 의존해왔다. 고전적인 범죄 억제이론에 따르면 처벌의 엄격성, 확실성, 신속성이 범죄억제에 영향을 미치는 주요 요소이다. 이후 사회학자와 범죄학자들은 비공식적 통제 역시 범죄억제에 영향을 준다는 것을 밝혀왔다. 본 연구는 한국의 대인절도․강도범들을 대상으로 범죄억제에 영향을 미치는 요소를 전통적 억제이론과 비공식적 사회통제기능을 중심으로 경험적 자료를 통해 검증하였다. 이를 위하여 전국 4개 교도소에 절도죄로 복역 중인 127명의 대인 강․절도범들을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하고 이를 처벌의 억제력, 범죄경력요소, 비공식 낙인요소, 그리고 사회인구학적 요인요소로 분류하여 분석하였다. 연구에 사용된 통계분석 방법은 다중회귀분석이며 표본수의 한계점을 극복하기 위하여 모집단의 추정치를 늘리는 붓스트랩 방식을 추가하여 비교․분석하였다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면, 대인 강도․절도범죄자들 중 향후 재범 억제에 영향을 주는 요인은 처벌의 엄격성과 비공식적 낙인 중 스스로가 부여하는 수치심이다. 구체적인 통계분석 결과와 정책적 함의는 본문에서 논의하도록 한다.
Abstract
Unlike western societies which actively conducted the deterrence effect of criminal sanction using empirical data, there are few studies to examine the deterrence effect of punishment using empirical research methodology in Korea. Most of studies on deterrence effect of punishment were done by legal scholars. classical deterrence theory states that three main factors such as severity, certainty and celerity of punishment play an important role to decease recidivism on crime. According to the empirical researches of the deterrence theory conducted in other countries, many scholars empathized on the significant role of certainty of the punishment. The purpose of present study is to examine significant factors which could deter the criminal behavior of thieves and robbers. The current research was analyzed using the interview and survey data from 127 robbers and thieves in four prisons in 2008. In addition to the factors of deterrence on punishment, informal labeling (family, friend and shame), criminal career(age on the first offense, criminal history), and demographic factors were examined to explore the deterrence effect. The result shows that the severity of punishment, shame, and criminal history are significant factors to deter future crime of thieves and robbers. Detailed results and policy implications are discussed in the context.
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