현대 고통 담론에 대한 성경적 고찰
A Biblical Review of Modern Discourse on Pain
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고통은 인간의 피할 수 없는 실존적 문제이다. 인간이 하나님의 형상으로 창조되었고 하나님이 세상을 운행하신다면, 고통의 문제는 하나님의 존재와 섭리를 떠나서 이해할 수 없다. 그러나 고통에 대한 현대의 지배적인 담론은 하나님의 존재 및 섭리와 무관한 방식으로 형성되고 있다. 따라서 성경적 관점에서 현대 고통 담론을 살펴보고 대안적인 고통 담론을 제시할 필요가 있다. 이에 이 연구는 현대의 지배적인 고통 담론과 한계를 살펴본다. 이 논문은 현대의 고통 담론이 지닌 병리성을 탈의미화, 고통 기피, 고통의 개인화, 고통 비교, 고통의 영화로 분석한다. 오늘날 고통은 다양한 개입을 통해 제거해야만 하는 무의미한 실재가 되어가고, 이는 고통 기피 현상을 야기한다. 또한 고통은 점차 사적인 문제가 되어가며, 개인화된 고통은 고통 비교를 낳는다. 한편, 탈의미화에 대한 극단적 반작용으로 고통을 지나치게 영화하는 접근도 있다. 이런 고통 담론은 인간의 고통에 대한 전인적 이해의 부족, 기독교 신앙의 관점에서 구원역사 가운데 허락된 서사와 의미의 상실, 고통을 포함하는 인생을 향한 하나님의 섭리를 보지 못하게 하는 한계가 있다. 이 연구는 지면의 한계상 현대 고통 담론 분석에 초점을 두며, 후속 연구로 성경적 고통 담론과 영혼 돌봄 혹은 상담을 위한 실천적 함의를 다룰 것을 제시한다.
Abstract
Pain is an inevitable existential problem for all human beings. If humans are created in the image of God and God governs over all creation, the problem of human pain is incomprehensible apart from God's providence and His redemptive history. Modern discourses on pain, however, are mostly formed without the consideration of God’s existence and providence. Therefore, it is a meaningful project to explore the modern discourses of pain from a biblical point of view and present a biblical alternative. This paper argues that Modern discourses of pain entail meaninglessness, avoidance, personalization, comparison, and spiritualization of it. People today are gradually losing the meaning of pain, and the loss of its meaning makes them lean to avoiding or deleting the experience of pain from their personal lives. Pain is getting considered an individual problem, so it weakens the public responsibility of taking care of the problem of pain in a sociocultural level. The personalized pain, in turn, brings about pain comparison with other people’s pain. There is also an approach to radically spiritualize the experience of pain, losing the earthiness of it. Such discourses have a limitation in the lack of a holistic understanding of human beings, and therefore fail to see its narrative and meaning in God's providence and His drama. A follow-up study of a biblical discourse of pain and its practical implications for soul care is suggested.
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