핀란드의 노숙인지원제도에 대한 사례 연구
A Case Study on the Homeless Homelessness of Finland
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 핀란드의 노숙인 제도에 대해서 살펴보았다. 핀란드의 노숙인 지원제도는 주거우선 모델(Housing First)에 기반을 두고 있다. 이 모델은 노숙인에게 먼저 주거를 제공한 후 이들에게 필요한 욕구를 지역사회에 기반하여 건강심리사회서비스를 제공하는 것이다. 핀란드 정부는 1970년대 이후 핀란드 사회의 노숙인의 증가와 그 원인이 주거적 문제라는 것을 인지하고 1980년대 후반 적극적인 개입을 시작하였다. 핀란드 정부는 30여년 동안 노숙인 근절을 목표로 1990년대 이후 주거 우선 모델을 선택하였고, 지방정부, 시민단체의 협력 하에 노숙인에게 독립된 주거 공간을 제공하기 시작하였다. 현재 핀란드의 노숙인 수는 상당수 감소하였다. 핀란드의 노숙인 지원제도가 한국에 주는 시사점은 다음과 같다. 향후 한국의 노숙인복지지원제도가 핀란드 방식의 주거우선의 이념과 원칙을 지향하면서도 현실적으로는 기존 서비스에 대한 지원정책이 더 필요하다고 본다. 본 연구는 이제 사회적 논의를 시작하여 새로운 전달체계의 모습을 갖추고자 하는 한국의 노숙인 지원체계에 대하여 선진화된 핀란드의 주거우선 모델을 소개함으로서 한국의 노숙인 모델에 관한 이론적 논의의 시발점이 될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
This study looked at the homeless system in Finland. Finland's homeless support system is based on the Housing First model. The model is to provide housing to homeless people first, and then provide health and psychology social services based on community needs. The Finnish government began active intervention in the late 1980s, recognizing that the increase in homelessness in Finnish society since the 1970s and its cause was a housing problem. The Finnish government chose a residential priority model after the 1990s with the aim of eradicating homeless people for more than 30 years, and began to provide homeless people with independent housing space in cooperation with local governments and civic groups. Now, the number of homeless people in Finland has dropped considerably. The following are some implications of Finland's homeless support system for Korea. While Korea's welfare support system for homeless people is oriented toward the Finnish ideology and principle of priority in housing, we believe that in reality more support policies are needed for existing services. This research could now be the starting point for theoretical discussions on the Korean homeless model by introducing an advanced model of Finland's residential priority for Korea's homeless support system, which seeks to start social discussions and take on a new form of delivery system.
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