북유럽 국가들의 민주주의와 ‘권력조사 (maktutredningen)’: 배경과 의의
Nordic Democracy and ‘Power Investigation (Maktutredningen)’
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본 논문은 노르웨이, 덴마크, 스웨덴, 핀란드에서 이루어진 ‘민주주의와 권력 조사’가 권력의 민주화, 투명화, 개방화, 분산화, 그리고 시민권력의 확대에 어떻게 기여하고 어떤 의의가 있는지를 개괄적으로 살펴보는데 있다. 1972년 노르웨이에서 시작되고 1980년대, 90년대에 스웨덴, 덴마크에 이어 2010년 핀란드에서 마무리된 ‘권력조사’는 노르딕 사회민주주의의 쇠퇴, 신자유주의적 세계화, 유럽통합 등 새로운 환경에서 공적인 자기성찰과 자기비판을 통해 권력이 투명하고 정당하게 행사되는지, 민주주의가 모든 시민의 권리와 자유, 정치참여를 보장하는지, 권력과 민주주의가 사회공동체와 정치공동체의 지속과 진보를 위해 작동하는지를 조사하기 위해 시행되었다. 의회와 정부, 학자집단이 함께 이러한 문제들과 도전들에 대해 장기적인 관점에서 연구하고 검토했으며, ‘노르딕 민주주의 모델’을 지속ㆍ발전시키고 민주적이고 개방적인 시민권력 및 시민사회의 주체성과 자율성을 강화하는 것에 중점을 두었다.
Abstract
‘Power investigation’ in the Nordic countries from 1972 through 2010 aimed to scrutinize and legitimize power through officially commissioned programmes. The investigation has been understood as the political culture of Nordic self-understanding and the hallmark of Nordic democracy. These investigations have been motivated as responses to major changes and challenges in society, politics, and the economy in the 1970s-80s and in 1990s, such as weakening of the Nordic social democracy, neoliberal globalization, post-coldwar, the EU. The power investigations have contributed to transparency, openness, and decentralization of power, to renewed national narratives, and to enhanced political participation and ‘Nordic democracy model’ based on citizens’ power in the Nordic countries.
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