한국의 벤처기업은 태생적 글로벌기업인가: 벤처기업의 국제화에 미치는 영향 요인 분석
An Analysis on the Factors Affecting the Level of Globalization of Korean Venture Business
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본 연구는 우리나라 벤처기업들의 국제화에 영향을 미치는 요인과, 국제화 수준이 기업의 경영성과에 영향을 주는지를 분석하기 위하여「벤처기업실태조사」자료 중 1,970개 벤처기업 자료를 활용하여 실증적으로 분석하였다. 경영자의 특성 중 연령은 유의한 영향을 주지 않는 반면, 경영자의 학력과 과거 업무 경험은 매우 유의하게 벤처기업의 국제화 수준에 영향을 주었는데, 박사학위를 보유한 경우와 과거 마케팅 분야의 업무 경험을 보유한 경우에 다른 경우보다 수출집중도가 높게 나타났다. 기업 특성의 경우, 기업의 기술수준은 기업 국제화 수준에 미치는 영향이 유의하지 않았지만, 외주생산을 하는 경우에 그렇지 않은 기업보다 수출집중도가 유의하게 높았고, 업력이 증가할수록 기업의 국제화 수준이 유의하게 낮았다. 또한, 국내시장의 경쟁 수준은 벤처기업의 국제화 수준에 영향을 주지 않은 반면, 수출지역 및 직접진출지역의 수가 늘어날수록 국제화수준은 높아지고, 그 수출지역의 수가 더욱 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 한편, 국제화 수준은 일반적으로 벤처기업의 영업이익율에 유의한 영향을 주지 못하였지만, 창업후 10년 이후의 기업군에서는 매우 유의하게 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구의 결과는, 국제화에 있어 벤처기업 경영자의 교육과 업무경험 뿐만 아니라, 해외시장에 진출하는 기업들의 전략이 중요하다는 것을 시사한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect the degree of export intensity of Korean venture businesses, and to analyze the effect of export intensity on corporate performance. We use 1,970 firm data (from Venture Business Survey by Small & Medium Business Administration) and analyze the possible factors of the CEO characteristics, the corporate characteristics, and the environmental factors. Our analysis shows that Korean venture business' CEO characteristics, such as his/her doctoral degree and marketing work experiences, increase their export intensity statistically significantly, while their age does not. In addition, the companies who outsource their products have a higher export intensity, and, as the firm age increases, the export intensity decreases significantly. It is also analyzed that, as the number of export regions or FDI regions increases, their export intensity goes higher. However, firms’ higher level of internationalization does not bring higher performance of the venture firms, while it does significantly for the venture firms that are older than 10 years. The result implies that CEO’s education or work experiences and strategic approaches are important for corporate globalization, and that it takes time for globalizing venture firms to be able to garner profits from their global investments.
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