주거관련 협동조합의 창업유형화 및 조성방안
Start-up Typology and Building Scheme for Housing Related Co-operatives
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 해외 사례 및 국내 유사 분야의 협동조합을 대상으로 활동현황을 파악하고, 국내에서 어떠한 형태의 주거와 관련되는 협동조합들을 창업할 수 있는지 이를 유형화하며, 이들을 성공적으로 조성하기 위한 필요한 요소들을 찾아 국내 주거관련 협동조합의 조성에 적합한 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 주거관련 협동조합의 유형을 수행활동을 기준으로 주택신규공급 및 운영형, 기존주택유지관리 및 개선형, 주택설계 및 성능향상형의 세 가지로 구분하였다. 주택협동조합은 국가주택정책의 차원에서 간접적으로 접근할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 즉, 주택협동조합을 직접 조종하여 주택을 공급해야 한다는 차원보다는 자발적으로 일어나는 주택협동조합을 지원하고 간접적으로 방향을 유도하는 형태의 조치가 필요하다. 협동조합의 조직 형태가 절대적인 善이라고 할 수는 없다. 협동조합에 대한 지나친 보호나 지원정책은 오히려 민간시장영역에서 활동하는 기업체들에게 역차별이 될 수 있으며, 협동조합의 차원에서는 이러한 보호를 남용할 수도 있다. 협동조합이 기존의 경제체제를 완전히 대체할 수는 없겠지만, 보완적인 차원에서 자발적으로 노력하는 협동조합 자체의 움직임이 지역경제의 역동성을 촉진할 수 있다는 가능성에 주목할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to draw the implication for building domestic housing-related co-operatives by understanding activities of housing-related co-operatives from case study and by suggesting the start-up typology for possible domestic housing-related co-operatives and requisites for building them. According to their activities housing-related co-operatives are categorized into three types which are housing supply and operation type, maintain and improve the existing housing type, and design and performance improvement type. National housing policy should be connected to housing co-operatives indirectly. That is, the policy direction ought to be not toward controlling housing co-operatives, letting them supply more houses directly, but toward supporting voluntary co-operatives, showing them the overall housing policy blueprint. Co-operatives cannot be a panacea. Too much protection or support for co-operatives could lead to a reverse discrimination against private companies, and the co-operatives might overuse this kind of prominent position. We need to focus on the possibility of the role of co-operatives as a facilitator for local economy rather than a perfect substitute for the existing economy system.
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