간재 전우의 수양론에 관한 소고 ― 성사심제에 기반한 경(敬)의 실천을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

The study of jeon Wu (1841-1922, pen name Ganjae) was mainly conducted on on ontology and psychology through comparison with the theories of Huaseo, Nosa, and Hanju schools. These studies have contributed to finding the logical characteristics of Ganjae's studies. However, it was not well studied how Ganjae practiced Confucian philosophy. This paper attempts to find the characteristics of Ganjae's philosophy centering on cultivation theory. Ganjae argued that "Heart is qi(氣)." And it was emphasized that qi was originally good and unified as one. Ganjae identified keeping qi pure as the core of Confucian practice with li(理) as the standard. Therefore, he argued the theory that 'the human nature is a teacher and the mind is a student'. Ganjae's argument does not mean that there is no difference between li and qi. Ganjae recognized human nature as li and mind as qi, and saw that qi should emulate li, which was the same as Yulgok's theory. Therefore, Ganjae argued that incomplete 'heart' should always be led by recognizing and learning 'human nature'. Ganjae made this argument because he wanted people to develop inner power to do moral behavior. Ganjae argued that nature should be the standard of the mind, the mind should be the standard of the body, and that Kyung(敬) should lead the mind. This is because without Kyung, the mind is disturbed and human nature cannot be the standard of the mind. Ganjae agreed with Yulgok's view and argued that individual temperamental characteristics should be changed. However, Ganjae also emphasized Kyung, and he always practiced acquiring knowledge, controlling his mind, restoring his pure body and mind through rest, reading, and sitting still and upright, so it can be said that he followed the training method suggested by Toegye.