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창업자의 앙트레프레니얼 마케팅 지향성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향: 조직내 마케팅역량의 매개효과

A Study on the Effects of Entrepreneurial Marketing Orientation on the Management Performance: Mediated Effect of Organizational Marketing Capabilities

하환호|변충규|변홍주
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)|2022.08|벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)|제17권 제4호|pp. 87-100|DOI 10.16972/apjbve.17.4.202208.87

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참고문헌

키워드

경영성과Business Performance마케팅역량앙트레프레니얼 마케팅앙트레프레니얼 마케팅 지향성Entrepreneurial MarketingEntrepreneurial Marketing OrientationMarketing Capabilities

초록

창업초기기업은 자원 부족이라는 생래적 한계를 지니고 있다. 이러한 한계로 인해 창업자는 기업가정신을 기반으로 조직을 끊임없이 변화시켜가며 기회를 탐색하고 위험을 관리하며 기업을 성장시켜 나가고자 노력한다. 즉 창업자가 제한된 자원으로 새로운 성과를 추구하는 과정에서 앙트레프레니얼 마케팅 개념이 등장했다. 앙트레프레니얼마케팅에 대한 연구가 30여 년간 지속되고 있음에도 불구하고 국내에서는 아직 연구가 활성화되지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 먼저 앙트레프레니얼마케팅에 대한 이론과 연구성과들을 정리를 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 앙트레프레니얼마케팅 지향성과 마케팅역량, 경영성과 간의 영향 관계를 밝히는 실증연구의 필요성을 제시하였다. 이후 앙트레프레니얼마케팅 지향성이 조직의 마케팅역량을 거쳐 경영성과에 이르는 일련의 과정과 그 효과를 가설로 제시하였다. 실증연구를 위해 220개 기업의 창업자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 이후 구조방정식을 이용한 경로분석을 통해 가설검정을 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스타트업의 앙트레프레니얼마케팅 지향성은 조직의 마케팅역량과 경영성과 모두에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 조직의 마케팅역량 역시 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 앙트레프레니얼마케팅 지향성과 경영성과의 관계에 대한 조직의 마케팅역량의 매개효과를 실증분석한 결과, 마케팅 전문성이 재무적 성과보다 비재무적 성과에 더 큰 매개효과를 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 마케팅 수행능력은 비재무성과보다 재무성과에 더 강한 매개적 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 그동안 학술적 공백이었던 국내 창업기업에 적합한 앙트레프레니얼마케팅 지향성 개념과 구성요인을 실증분석을 통하여 확인하였다는 점에서 학문적 의의가 크다. 아울러 본 연구는 진취성과 위험관리능력, 혁신성, 기회지향, 자원활용, 고객집중성 6가지 요인으로 앙트레프레니얼마케팅 지향성의 구성요인을 확인하고, 이들이 조직의 마케팅역량을 매개로 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다는 점에서 연구의 차별성이 있다. 이와 더불어 본 연구는 초기창업자들에게 앙트레프레니얼마케팅 지향적인 사고의 중요성을 알려준다는 점에서 실무적 의의가 있다. 특히 본 연구의 결과는 중소기업 창업자들이 시장분석 능력을 최적화하고, 다양한 이해관계자와 네트워킹하고, 마케팅역량을 발휘할 수 있는 조직의 역량을 높이는 데 도움을 줄 것이다.

Abstract

Early start-up companies have an inherent limitation of lack of resources. Despite these limitations, in order to survive, the entrepreneur's personal ability to efficiently use limited resources is required. In the marketing field, various studies are needed to reduce the business failure rate through establishing growth strategies and innovation. Accordingly, it is necessary to apply the concept of entrepreneurial marketing, which has been researched and developed overseas for 30 years, to fit the domestic reality. According to the flow of this study, an empirical study should be preceded to clarify the influence relationship between entrepreneurial marketing orientation, marketing competency, and management performance, along with a theoretical theorem on entrepreneurial marketing that is suitable for early start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) and can respond innovatively to changes. The establishment of entrepreneurial marketing orientation and the processes from which this concept leads to business performance through the organization's marketing capabilities and its effects will be empirically verified. For an empirical survey, a survey was conducted on founders of 220 companies, and path analysis using structural equations was used for hypothesis verification. The findings are as follows. First, it was found that the entrepreneurial marketing orientation had a positive effect on both the organization's marketing capabilities and management performance. Second, it was found that the organization's marketing capabilities also had a positive effect on management performance. Third, as a result of empirical analysis of the mediating effect of the organization's marketing capabilities on the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing orientation and management performance, it was found that marketing capabilities showed a greater mediating effect on non-financial performance than financial performance. On the other hand, it was confirmed that marketing performance had a stronger mediating effect on financial performance than non-financial performance. By confirming and presenting the concept and constituent factors of entrepreneurial marketing orientation of domestic start-ups, which were academic gaps for the purpose of this paper, the academic research is differentiated in that they were verified as six components of entrepreneurial marketing. The practical implications of the research results will be that the entrepreneurial marketing-oriented mindset of small and medium-sized companies will optimize market analysis capabilities, network with various stakeholders, and increase the organization's ability to demonstrate marketing capabilities.

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