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직장역경과 직무열정이 창업의도에 미치는 영향:직무창의성 매개효과 중심으로

The Effects of Workplace Adversity and Job-Related Passion on Entrepreneurial Intention: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Job-Related Creativity

임재성
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)|2023.08|벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)|제18권 제4호|pp. 193-206|DOI 10.16972/apjbve.18.4.202308.193

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키워드

Entrepreneurial Intention창업의도자원보존이론직장역경직무열정직무창의성Workplace AdversityJob-Related PassionJob-Related CreativityConservation Of Resources theory

초록

본 연구의 목적은 직장생활과정에서 직장역경으로 자원이 소진되거나 직무열정을 통해 자원이 획득하는 직장인이 창업가로 전환되는 과정에서 영향을 주는 요인들과 어떠한 경로를 통해 창업의도가 생성되는지 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 직장인 대상으로 직장역경 및 직무열정이 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 탐구하였다. 또한 직장역경과 직무열정이 직무창의성의 매개를 통해 창업의도 간에 미치는 영향을 실증분석함으로써 직장인이 창업으로 전환되는 요인 및 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 온라인 설문조사로 확보한 333명의 data를 근거로 SPSS와 AMOS 통계패키지를 활용하였으며, 연구의 결과를 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직장역경은 창업의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 이는 부정적으로 인식되는 직장역경이 오히려 창업의도를 높이는 중요한 변수임을 확인하였다. 둘째, 직장역경은 직무창의성에 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 이는 직장역경을 극복하는 방법으로 직무창의성이 효과적인 요소임을 확인하였다. 셋째, 직무열정은 창업의도에 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 확보된 자원을 집중하고자 열정이 창업의도를 높이는데 중요한 요소임을 확인하였다. 넷째, 직무열정은 직무창의성에 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 이는 목표 달성을 위해서는 창의적 방법이 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다. 다섯째, 직무창의성은 창업의도에 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 창의성은 창업 전에 선행되는 의도나 행동으로서 직무창의성이 높은 경우 창업에 성공 가능성에 기대감이 반영된 것으로 판단된다. 여섯째, 직무창의성은 직장역경과 창업의도 간의 사이에서 매개효과가 확인되었다. 일곱째, 직무창의성은 직무열정과 창업의도 간의 사이에서도 매개효과가 확인되었다. 이는 직무창의성은 창업가로 전환되는 과정에서 직장인의 역경을 완화시키고 직무열정을 증가시키기 위한 효과적인 요소임을 확인하였다. 학문적으로는 국내에서 직장인 대상 역경 관련 선행연구가 거의 없었는데 본 연구에서 직장인 대상 연구라는 점에서 차별화 및 연구대상을 확장시킨 연구라고 할 수 있다. 또한 실무적으로는 부정적인 직장역경도 창업의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 중요한 변수임을 확인하였다. 이는 직장인 경력관리 측면에서 부정적인 역경적 상황도 직장 경험이 반영된 창업이 대안으로 작용될 수 있다는 것이 확인되어 실무적으로 의미가 있다.

Abstract

In a workplace, workers exhaust their resources due to workplace adversity or acquire resources through job-related passion. The purpose of this study is to verify the factors that affect the conversion of workers to entrepreneurs and through what paths entrepreneurial intention is generated. To this end, the effects of workplace adversity and job-related passion on entrepreneurial intention were explored with workers in Korea. Also, by empirically analyzing the effects of workplace adversity and job-related passion on entrepreneurial intention through the mediation of job-related creativity, this author attempted to derive the factors and implications associated with the conversion of workers to entrepreneurs. Analyzing 333 workers’ data acquired through online surveys with the statistical packages of SPSS and AMOS, this study has gained the following results. First, workplace adversity is found to have positive(+) effects on entrepreneurial intention. This implies that workplace adversity that is negatively regarded is rather a crucial variable that increases entrepreneurial intention. Second, workplace adversity has positive(+) effects on job-related creativity. It means that job-related creativity is an effective factor to overcome workplace adversity. Third, job-related passion is found to have positive(+) effects on entrepreneurial intention. The passion to concentrate on the resources secured is an important factor to elevate entrepreneurial intention. Fourth, job-related passion is verified to have positive(+) effects on job-related creativity. It implies that creative methods can be effective in achieving the goal. Fifth, job-related creativity is found to have positive(+) effects on entrepreneurial intention. Creativity is an intention or action that precedes starting up a business, and it is judged that high job-related creativity reflects high expectation about the possibility of success in starting up a business. Sixth, job-related creativity is found to have mediating effects in correlation between workplace adversity and entrepreneurial intention. Seventh, job-related creativity is found to have mediating effects in correlation between job-related passion and entrepreneurial intention. This means that job-related creativity is an effective factor to alleviate the adversity of workers and increase job-related passion in the process of becoming entrepreneurs. Academically, there were few previous studies related to the adversity of workers in Korea. As this study targets office workers, it can be said that it is a differentiated study extending the range of subjects. Also, practically, it has been learned that negative workplace adversity, too, is an important variable that affect entrepreneurial intention positively. This is practically meaningful in terms of office workers’ career management because even in adverse situations that are negative, starting up a business through work experiences may work as an alternative.

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