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직장인의 직무열정이 창업의지에 미치는 영향: 직무창의성 매개효과 및 위험감수성 조절효과

The Effects of Job-related Passion on Entrepreneurship Intention in Office Workers : Focusing on the mediating effects of job-related creativity and the regulating effects of risk taking

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초록

본 연구는 직장인들의 성공적인 직장생활과 지속적 경제활동을 위해 창업을 제시하고 직무열정으로 자원을 확보하는 직장인을 창업가로 전환하는 단계에서 영향을 주는 요인들과 어떠한 경로를 통해 창업의지가 형성되는지 실증분석하고자 하였다. 이에 따라 전국 직장인을 대상으로 직무열정과 창업의지와의 관계와 직무열정과 창업의지와의 관계에서 직무창의성의 매개효과와 위험감수성의 조절효과에 대해 실증검증함으로써 직장인이 창업가로 전환함에 중요요인과 시사점을 확인하고자 하였다. 온라인 설문조사로 확보한 410명의 data를 근거로 SPSS와 PROCESS macro를 통계패키지로 분석을 수행하였으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직무열정은 창업의지에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 확인하였다. 직장인들은 은퇴 후 창업을 고려하고 시간과 노력 등 모든 자원을 활용할 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 직무열정과 창업의지 간의 관계에서 직무창의성의 매개효과를 확인하였다. 이는 실무경험을 바탕으로 한 창업에 에너지와 시간을 최적화 투입하려는 과정에서 새로운 아이디어와 창의적 방법 등의 중요성을 인식하여 직무창의성의 매개효과로 반영된 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 위험감수성이 직무열정과 창업의지와의 사이에서 유의한 조절효과가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 목표를 향한 에너지와 시간, 사업의 기회 포착을 위한 과감한 도전적 성향의 필요성이 반영된 것으로 판단된다. 또한 위험감수성은 창업가로 전환에 중요한 요소임을 확인하였다. 시사점으로는 첫째, 자원보존이론을 기반 이론으로 연구모형과 가설을 통해 분석을 진행하였고 직장인의 직무열정과 직무창의성이 창업가적 행동을 자극할 수 있다는 연구결과의 일반화에 신뢰성을 제고하였다. 둘째, 창업의지를 종속변수로 직무열정의 요소로 다룬 연구는 많지 않았다. 따라서 직장인을 대상으로 직무열정과 창업의지 간의 영향관계를 검증함으로써 연구대상과 연구의 범위 그리고 직장인의 성공적인 경력경로의 확장에 기여할 수 있다. 셋째, 개인의 지속적 경제활동을 위한 정부의 창업정책과 인프라 등에 대해 기업에서 적용할 수 있도록 제도적 장치가 요구된다. 이를 통해 기업에서 직장인들이 창업에 대한 인식을 높일 수 있는 다양한 활동을 권장하고 기업에게는 인센티브를 제공한다면 창업활성화의 기반이 될 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to suggest start-ups for office workers’ successful occupational life and continuous economic activity and empirically analyze the factors influencing the step of converting office workers securing resources with job-related passion into entrepreneurs and through what paths entrepreneurship intention is established. Accordingly, selecting office workers from all over Korea, this study empirically verified the relationship between job-related passion and entrepreneurship intention and also the mediating effects of job-related creativity and regulating effects of risk taking in the relationship between job-related passion and entrepreneurship intention in order to identify crucial factors and implications in the conversion of office workers into entrepreneurs. Based on the data of 410 people obtained through online surveys, analysis was done by using SPSS and PROCESS Macro, and results were gained as follows. First, job-related passion is found to have significantly positive (+) effects on entrepreneurship intention. It is believed that office workers will consider starting a business after retirement and utilize all sorts of resources including time and effort. Second, job-related creativity is found to have mediating effects in the relationship between job-related passion and entrepreneurship intention. They recognize the importance of new ideas and creative methods in the process of optimally inputting energy and time into their start-ups based on practical experiences, so job-related creativity is thought to have mediating effects in it. Third, risk taking is found to have significant regulating effects between job-related passion and entrepreneurship intention. This is believed to reflect the need for a bold challenge to capture energy, time, and business opportunities towards the goal. Also, risk taking is found to be a crucial factor in converting to an entrepreneur.

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