메타버스 기반의 항공사 객실승무원의 안전 VR훈련과 훈련만족, 안전행동, 훈련성과에 관한 연구
A Study on the Safety VR Training and Satisfaction, Safety Behavior, and Learning Outcomes of Airline Cabin Crews Based on Metaverse
0
조회
0
다운로드
7
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
가상현실(Virtual Reality) 훈련은 메타버스(Metaverse)의 플랫폼을 이용한 새로운 방식으로, 항공기 기내에서 발생하는 안전 상황에 대비하기 위해 객실승무원의 VR훈련 활용이 증가하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 유일하게 객실승무원에게 안전 VR훈련을 실시하고 있는 항공사를 대상으로 하여 설문을 실시하였으며 피훈련자와 교관 간의 상호작용이 훈련만족, 안전행동, 훈련성과에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 다중회귀 분석을 이용하였다. 분석결과를 보면 ‘교육적 의사소통’, ‘교육지원’, ‘지도 및 학습촉진’, ‘사회적 친밀감’의 상호작용이 ‘훈련만족’, ‘역할내·외 안전행동’, ‘인지된 학습 효과성’에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다. 반면에 ‘교육지원’은 ‘역할내 안전행동’에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타나 이는 다양한 훈련 콘텐츠나 VR환경의 지원 및 관리가 더 필요하다고 판단된다. 본 연구결과는 향후 항공사 안전 VR훈련의 타당성을 제시할 수 있는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있으며, VR이 항공 산업의 발전에 있어서 안전성을 확보할 수 있는 훈련 도구로 폭넓게 활용되는 데 도움이 될 것이라고 사료된다.
Abstract
Virtual reality training is a new training method using the platform of metaverse, and the use of VR training by airline cabin crew is increasing to prepare for safety situations occurring on board. Therefore, this study conducted a survey on airlines that are the only ones in Korea that provide VR training to cabin crew, and multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of the interaction between the learner - the instructor on satisfaction, safety behavior, and training outcomes. The analysis results show that the interaction of ‘Instructional communication’, ‘Instructional support’, ‘guidance and learning facilitating’, and ‘social intimacy’ has a statistically significant effect on ‘satisfaction’, ‘in-role and extra-role safety behavior’, and ‘perceived learning effectiveness’. On the other hand, 'Instructional support' does not appear to have a significant effect on ‘safety behavior in role’, which is judged to require more support and management of various training contents or VR environments. The results of this study can be used as basic data to suggest the validity of airline safety VR training in the future, and it is believed that VR will be widely used as a training tool to secure safety in the development of the aviation industry.
참고문헌 (87)
- 남선숙, "VR 게임 유형이 장치", 인지된 특성, 프레즌스, 즐거움의평가에 미치는 영향, 중앙대학교 신문방송대학원, 2017
- 항공 분야에서의가상, "증강현실 (VR", AR) 기술 동향, pp.2022, 38~54
- 박희정, "항공사 안전VR교육의 효과성에 대한 연구 -안전VR교육과 감정몰입, 안전행동 간의 관계를 중심으로-", 관광학연구, 43(7), pp.31~47 (2019), 한국관광학회[DOI]
- 유갑상, "메타버스 기반의 게임형 어학교육 서비스 플랫폼 개발에 관한 연구", 디지털콘텐츠학회논문지, 22(9), pp.1377~1386 (2021), 한국디지털콘텐츠학회[DOI]
- 이원영, "안전행동 및 사고에 대한 성실성, 인지실패 및 직무스트레스의 상호작용", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 19(3), pp.475~497 (2006), 한국산업및조직심리학회
- 이재규, "항공사의 디자인 경영 성공사례에 관한 연구", 한국디자인문화학회지, 16(3), pp.417~425 (2010), 한국디자인문화학회
- 이재학, "비상상황 안전 교육훈련을 위한 가상현실(VR)콘텐츠 모델 설계", 디지털콘텐츠학회논문지, 22(1), pp.41~49 (2021), 한국디지털콘텐츠학회[DOI]
- 한국교육공학회, "교육공학 용어사전" (2005), 교육과학사
- Alavi, M., "Research commentary:technology-mediated learning - a call for greater depth and breadth of research", Information Systems Research, 12(1), pp.1~10 (2001)
- Alavi, M., "Using IT to reengineer business education: An exploratory investigation of collaborative telelearning", MIS quarterly, pp.293~312 (1995)
- Kwesi Amponsah-Tawaih, "Work Pressure and Safety Behaviors among Health Workers in Ghana: The Moderating Role of Management Commitment to Safety", Safety and Health at Work, 7(4), pp.340~346 (2016), 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원[DOI]
- Astin, A. W., "What matters in college? Four critical years revisited" (1993), Jossey-Bass
- Bailey, J. E., "Development of a tool for measuring and analyzing computer user satisfaction", Management Science, 29(5), pp.530~545 (1983)
- Becker, B. E., "Strategic resource management in five leading firms", Human Resource Management, 38(4), pp.287~302 (1999)
- Çakiroğlu, Ü, "Development of fire safety behavioral skills via virtual reality", Computers &Education, 133, pp.56~68 (2019)
- Chen, C. F., "Investigating the effects of job demands and job resources on cabin crew safety behaviors", Tourism Management, 41, pp.45~52 (2014)
- Chen, C. J., "Theoretical bases for using virtual reality in education", Themes in Science and Technology Education, 2(1–2), pp.71~90 (2010)
- Chittaro, L., "Safety knowledge transfer through mobile virtual reality : A study of aviation life preserver donning", Safety science, 102, pp.159~168 (2018)
- Choi, M., "Teacher's understanding on constructivism and applying into their teaching : Case studies", The Journal of Education Information and Media, 7(1), pp.5~28 (2001)
- Clement, R. W., "Testing the hierarchy theory of training evaluation : An expanded role for trainee reactions", Public Personnel Management, 11(2), pp.176~184 (1982)
- "Collins Cobuild English Dictionary" (1999), HarperCollins Publishers
- Confrey, J., "Chapter 8: What constructivism implies for teaching", Journal for Research in Mathematics Education. Monograph, 4, pp.107~210 (1990)
- Cruz-Neira, C., "Surround-screen projection-based virtual reality: The design and implementation of the CAVE", Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques, pp.135~142 (1993)
- Cyert, R. M., "A behavior theory of the firm" (1963), Prentice-Hall
- Doerr, A. J., "When and how personality predicts workplace safety: Evaluating a moderated mediation model", Journal of safety research, 75, pp.275~283 (2020)
- Eom, S. B., "The determinants of students' perceived learning outcomes and satisfaction in university online education: An empirical investigation", Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 4(2), pp.215~235 (2006)
- Fosnot, C. T., "Enquiring teachers, enquiring children: A constructivist approach for teaching" (1989), Teachers College Press
- Fugas, C. S., "Another look at safety climate and safety behavior : Deepening the cognitive and social mediator mechanisms", Accident Analysis & Prevention, 45, pp.468~477 (2012)
- Configuring virtual space for the super cockpit, "Furness, T.", Human Interface Technology (HIT) Laboratory Technical, ~ (1989)
- Gangabissoon, T., "Application of augmented reality in aviation: Improving engagement of cabin crew during emergency procedures training", Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent and Innovative Computing Applications, pp.1~8 (2020)
- Garrison, D. R., "Facilitating cognitive presence in online learning: Interaction is not enough", The American journal of distance education, 19(3), pp.133~148 (2005)
- Gurusamy, K., "Systematic review of randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of virtual reality training for laparoscopic surgery", Journal of British Surgery, 95(9), pp.1088~1097 (2008)
- "Forbes. The metaverse is coming and it’s a very big deal" (2020)[URL]
- Hair Jr, J. F., "Multivariate data analysis with readings" (1995), Prentice Hall
- Hair, J. F., "Multivariate data analysis" (2006), Pearson Prentice Hall
- Hanaysha, J., "Examining the effects of employee empowerment, teamwork, and employee training on job satisfaction", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, pp.272~282 (2016)
- Hedge, J. W., "The Oxford handbook of work and aging" (2012), Oxford University Press
- Hodgson, P., "Media literacy: Enhancing teaching and empowering learning", Multidisciplinary approach to media literacy: Research and practice, pp.306~315 (2017)
- Hofmann, D. A., "Climate as a moderator of the relationship between leader-member exchange and content specific citizenship:Safety climate as an exemplar", Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1), pp.170~ (2003)
- Hofmann, D. A., "A cross-level investigation of factors inuencing unsafe behaviors and accidents Personnel", Psychology, 49, pp.307~339 (1996)
- Hong, K. S., "Relationships between students' and instructional variables with satisfaction and learning from a Web-based course", The Internet and Higher Education, 5(3), pp.267~281 (2002)
- International Civil Aviation Organization, "Safety management man-ual", ICAO, ~ (2013)
- Jain, P., "Interactions among online learners: A quantitative interdisciplinary study", Education, 131(3) (2011)
- Jiang, M., "A study of factors influencing students’ perceived learning in a web-based course environment", International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 6(4), pp.317~338 (2000)
- Jung, I., "Effects of different types of interaction on learning achievement, satisfaction and participation in web-based instruction", Innovations in education and teaching international, 39(2), pp.153~162 (2002)
- Kang, I., "Objectivism's challenges to constructivism", Journal of Educational Technology, 13(1), pp.3~19 (1997)
- Kang, I., "Why constructivism?" (1997), Moonumsa
- Kang, M., "Development of learners' perceived inter-action model and scale between learner and instructor in e-learning environments", doctor, pp.2009
- Kang, M., "Factors of learner–instructor interaction which predict perceived learning outcomes in online learning environment", Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(3), pp.292~301 (2013)
- Kao, L. H., "Using structural equation modeling to predict cabin safety outcomes among Taiwanese airlines", Transportation Research Part E : Logistics and Transportation Review, 45(2), pp.357~365 (2009)
- Virtual reality applications in the Australian minerals industry, Application of computers and operations research in the minerals industries, "Kizil", South African, ~ (2003)
- Kreijns, K., "The sociability of computer-supported collaborative learning environments", Educational technology & society, 5(1), pp.8~22 (2002)
- Landale, A, "Gower handbook of training and development" (1999), Gower Publishing, Ltd
- Le, Q. T., "A social virtual reality based construction safety education system for experiential learning", Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 79(3), pp.487~506 (2015)
- Lee, E. A. L., "How does desktop virtual reality enhance learning outcomes? A structural equation modeling approach", Computers &Education, 55(4), pp.1424~1442 (2010)
- Leite, W. L., "Attempted validation of the scores of the VARK : Learning styles inventory with multitrait–multimethod confirmatory factor analysis models", Educational and psychological measurement, 70(2), pp.323~339 (2010)
- Lim, J., "Predictive effects of undergraduate students’ perceptions of social, cognitive, and teaching presence on affective learning outcomes according to disciplines", Computers & Education, 161, pp.104063~ (2021)
- Lindgaard, G., "What is this evasive beast we call user satisfaction", Interacting with computers, 15(3), pp.429~452 (2003)
- Mahmood, M. A., "Variables affecting information technology end-user satisfaction : a meta-analysis of the empirical literature", International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 52(4), pp.751~771 (2000)
- Markwart, H., "Warning messages to modify safety behavior during crisis situations : a virtual reality study", International journal of disaster risk reduction, 38, pp.101235~ (2019)
- Mearns, K., "Safety climate, safety management practice and safety performance in offshore environments", Safety science, 41(8), pp.641~680 (2003)
- Micaela Mantegna, "Medium, The Metaverse: A Brave, New (Virtual) World", ~ (2021)
- Moore, M. G., "Editorial : Three types of interaction", The American Journal of Distance Education, 3(2), pp.1~6 (1989)
- Moore, M. G., "Distance education: A system view" (1996), Wadsworth
- Mystakidis, S., "Metaverse", Encyclopedia, 2(1), pp.486~497 (2022)
- Nassar, A. K., "Virtual reality(VR)as a simulation modality for technical skills acquisition", Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 71, pp.102945~ (2021)
- Neal, A., "Perceptions of safety at work:Developing a model to link organizational safety climate and individual behavior", 12th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (1997)
- Neal, A., "A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels", Journal of applied psychology, 91(4), pp.946~ (2006)
- Neal, A., "The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior", Safety science, 34(1-3), pp.99~109 (2000)
- Papanikolaou, I. G., "Changing the way we train surgeons in the 21th century : A narrative comparative review focused on box trainers and virtual reality simulators", European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 235, pp.13~18 (2019)
- Park, I., "Study on Internet as a tool to integrate learn-ing theory of constructivism into school-based learning", Journal of Educational Technology, 12, pp.81~103 (1996)
- Pedram, S., "Investigating the process of mine rescuers'safety training with immersive virtual reality : A structural equation modelling approach", Computers & Education, 153, pp.103891~ (2020)
- Picciano, A. G., "Developing an asynchronous course model at a large, urbanuniversity", Jounal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 2(1), pp.1~14 (1998)
- Roussou, M., "Learning by doing and learning through play : an exploration of interactivity in virtual environments for children", Computers in Entertainment(CIE), 2(1), pp.10~10 (2004)
- Sampaio, A. Z., "3D and VR models in Civil Engineering education : Construction, rehabilitation and maintenance", Automation in construction, 19(7), pp.819~828 (2010)
- Schofield, D., "Mine Safety in the Twenty-First Century: The Application of Computer Graphics and Virtual Reality", Mine Health and Safety Management, 1 (2000)[DOI]
- Sharda, R., "Foundation for the study of computer-supported collaborative learning requiring immersive presence", Journal of Management Information Systems, 20(4), pp.31~64 (2004)
- So, H. J., "Student perceptions of collaborative learning, social presence and satisfaction in a blended learning environment: Relationships and critical factors", Computers & education, 51(1), pp.318~336 (2008)
- Steuer, J., "Defining virtual reality : Dimensions determining telepresence", Journal of Communication, 42(4), pp.73~93 (1992)
- Swan, K., "Virtual interaction : Design factors affecting student satisfaction and perceived learning in asynchronous online courses", Distance education, 22(2), pp.306~331 (2001)
- Swan, K., "Building knowledge building communities : Consistency, contact and communication in the virtual classroom", Journal of Educational Computing Research, 23(4), pp.359~383 (2000)
- Tan, B., "Coal and Gas Outburst Accident Virtual Escape System for Miners Based on Virtools", The Open Automation and Control Systems Journal, 7(1) (2015)
- Tichon, J., "A review of virtual reality as a medium for safety related training in mining", Journal of Health & Safety Research &Practice, 3(1), pp.33~40 (2011)
- Webber-Youngman, R. C. W., "Incident reconstruction simulations-potential impact on the prevention of future mine incidents", Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 113(6), pp.0~0 (2013)
- Xu, J., "A VR-based the emergency rescue training system of railway accident", Entertainment Computing, 27, pp.23~31 (2018)
- Zohar, D., "Safety climate in industrial organizations : theoretical and applied implications", Journal of Applied Psychology, 12, pp.78~85 (1980)
- Zyda, M., "From visual simulation to virtual reality to games", Computer, 38(9), pp.25~32 (2005)
