‘은혜의 선물 신학’ 관점에서 본 칼 바르트의 개신교 신학
Karl Barth’s Evangelical Theology as ‘Theology of Gift of Grace’
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본 논문은 칼 바르트의 『개신교 신학 입문』에 담긴 은혜의 선물에 관한신학구조와근본조건에대한분석을바탕으로그의개신교신학을살펴본것이다. 바르트의개신교신학은신학구조와그것을구성하는일차적인은사와보조적인은사를이해하는선물중심적접근을기반으로한다. 특히은혜의선물신학으로서의개신교신학에대한바르트의고찰은 개신교 신학 중심에 자리하는 선물 이야기의 다양한 단계를 짚어낸다. 은혜의선물신학의관점에서본바르트의개신교신학은, 존재론적선물 수여에 내재하는 수여자와 수령자의 관계를 포착하고, (성령, 믿음, 소망, 사랑으로이루어진) 존재론적선물자체의본질을하나님과인간을 중재하는 선물의 근본적 역할과 구분한다. 나아가 바르트는 신학의목적을은혜를통하여인간의조건과한계를존재론적으로극복하는것이라 해석한다. 그러한 가운데 그의 개신교 신학은 은혜로만 실현되는신학의 가능성을 위한 매개 역할을 한다. 바르트에게 성령은 존재론적선물의 중재자일 뿐만 아니라 그것의 현존을 통한 존재론적 선물 자체이기도 하다. 이는 삼위일체 차원이나 성육신 차원에만 아니라 신학적차원과 공동체 차원에도 일관되게 적용된다. 이처럼 성령은 공동체를위한중재자로서개신교신학의체계적인신학적형성을주관하는데까지확장된다. 결론적으로, 바르트의 개신교 신학은 은혜의 선물의 존재론적 본성과그것의내재적현존이라는신조를통해삼위일체적이고성육신적인통합을다시한번실현하고자한다. 따라서그의개신교신학은존재론적선물에 관한 성령론적 관점 덕택에 신학적 구조와 교회 교리의 연결을확립했다고할수있다.
Abstract
This paper examines Karl Barth’s evangelical theology based on his analysis of the theological fabric and fundamental condition pertaining to the gift of grace in his work, Evangelical Theology. Barth’s evangelical theology is based on a gift-centered approach to understanding the theological fabric and the primary/subsidiary gifts it comprises. In particular, Barth’s considerations regarding “evangelical theology as a theology of the gift of grace” points toward the various stages of the gift-story at the center of evangelical theology. Barth’s evangelical theology as theology of gift of grace, while discerning the giver/receiver relationship inherent in the ontological gift giving, also distinguishes the nature of the ontological gift itself (a myriad of gifts comprised of Spirit, faith, hope, love) and its fundamental role of mediation between God and men. Furthermore, by interpreting theology as an ontological overcoming of the human condition and limitation through grace, Barth’s evangelical theology serves as a vehicle for the possibility of theology realized through grace and grace alone. For Barth, the Spirit is not only a mediator of the ontological gift but also the ontological gift itself through its presence not only in the trinitarian or incarnational dimensions, but also in the theological and communal dimensions as well. Thus, the Spirit as mediate and commune extends to govern the systemic theological formation of evangelical theology. Consequently, Barth’s evangelical theology, through the tenet of the gift of grace and the intrinsic presence of the ontological gift, attempts to make trinitarian and incarnational unity realized once again. Thus, Barth’s evangelical theology can be said to establish the connection between the theological fabric and the doctrine of the church by virtue of his pneumatological perspective on the ontological gift of grace.
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