토기의 기능에 대한 기공률 분석의 시론적 접근 -청도 성곡리 유적 출토 삼국시대 토기를 중심으로-
A tentative study of ceramic porosity
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고고학자들은 두 가지 큰 이유로 토기 기공률을 측정해왔다. 첫째는 제작기술의 정보를 규명하기위해서, 둘째는 그릇의 사용과 관련된 기능에 접근하기 위해서이다. 본고에서는 우리나라 토기에도기공률이 적용되었는지를 검토하기 위해서, 삼국시대 청도 성곡리 분묘·주거지 복합유적 토기편19점에 대한 기공률을 측정해서 기종의 기능과 관련된 기공률과 기공률 조절에 대하여 시론적으로접근해 보았다. 개, 고배, 대부완과 같은 소형토기, 대부장경호와 기대는 기공률이 아주 낮은 그룹에 속했다. 이것은 식기의 기능으로 단시간 음식물이 담기는 그 이상의 기능이 요구되지 않았던 것으로 이해할 수있다. 그러나 단경호, 대호와 같은 호류는 그룹이 다양하게 나타나, 고대의 도공들이 저장, 운반, 조리등 다양한 그릇의 기능을 고려하여 기공률을 의도적으로 조절했을 것으로 추정된다. 본고에서 한정된 양의 시료를 분석한 관계로 우리나라 토기의 기공률에 관해 충분하게 구명하기는 어려웠다. 그러나 본고에서 단지 시론적인 접근에 그쳤지만, 이 토기들이 제작하는 과정에 고도의 과학적인 기술이 적용되었을 가능성은 파악할 수 있었다. 앞으로 기종별, 부위별로 충분한 양의시료에 대한 기공률이 측정되고, 그리고 앞으로 토기 태토 속의 보강재가 분석된다면, 고대 토기의기능과 기공률의 조절 기술에 좀 더 구체적으로 접근할 수 있으리라 기대된다.
Abstract
Archaeologists have measured ceramic porosity for two fundamental reasons. The first is to get information about the technology involved in manufacturing the vessel, and the second is to discuss how porosity affects the function of a vessel. In this study, we have interest if potter was adopted the porosity for the function of vessel and how controlled the porosity if it was so. So, we analyzed tentatively about the porosity of 19 sherds collected in the Seonggok site of Cheongdo. According to the result of measuring of porosity, small size vessels such as lip, pedestal bowl, and pedestal long neck jar are distributed in lowest group. This means that the forms was no more than using with eating or serving vessels for short time. But jar or pot forms like short neck jar, big jar presume to be controlled in degree of porosity, because the porosity was indicated by various groups. In this study, amount of sample is not enough to identify an accurate aspect of porosity. But despite of tentative access in this study, we could check probability that ancient potter adopted high technic for the porosity in manufacturing of vessel. In the future, if enough amount samples is analyzed by forms and parts of pottery, temper, we can expect to access concretely to the function of a ancient pottery and control porosity in an ancient pottery.
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