스페인 주거 위기의 장⋅단기적 요인
Short-and L ong-Term Factors o f th e Housing Crisis i n Spain
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Public discontent and anger over a series of crises triggered by the global financial crisis led to mass protests known as indignados, just over a week before the May 15, 2011 municipal and parliamentary elections in Spain. It was reported that about 130,000 people participated in these mass protests in about 50 cities across Spain, under the slogan: “¡Democracia Real Ya! ”. The purpose of this study is to analyse the short- and long-term factors that led to the housing crisis among the complex crises in Spain pointed out by the Indignados movement. In particular, the housing crisis had influenced the formation of a movement called Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca(PAH) in response to the housing foreclosure and eviction even before the Indignados movement. They have gained widespread support by employing a variety of strategies to defend the right to housing as a basic right, and have been an important actor in the Indignados movement. This research demonstrates that the housing crisis in Spain is correlated with the structural contradictions of the political and economic system associated with the development of Spain since the mid-20th century. In other words, since the mid-20th century, Spain’s political and economic development has shaped the character of a weak welfare state in a peripheral position in Europe, and in the process, homeownership has become a driving force to compensate for peripheral economic development and the weak welfare state. In the process of Europeanisation and neoliberalisation in Spain in the 1990s, housing evolved into an object of speculation rather than an object of investment for national economic growth and social cohesion, which had an impact on the deepening of the character of financial capitalism and the asset-based welfare state. The weak foundation of Spain’s political and economic development, which relied on inflated housing construction and the real estate bubble, eventually led to the collapse of the bubble and the creation of multi-layered crises, including the housing crisis.
Abstract
Public discontent and anger over a series of crises triggered by the global financial crisis led to mass protests known as indignados, just over a week before the May 15, 2011 municipal and parliamentary elections in Spain. It was reported that about 130,000 people participated in these mass protests in about 50 cities across Spain, under the slogan: “¡Democracia Real Ya! ”. The purpose of this study is to analyse the short- and long-term factors that led to the housing crisis among the complex crises in Spain pointed out by the Indignados movement. In particular, the housing crisis had influenced the formation of a movement called Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca(PAH) in response to the housing foreclosure and eviction even before the Indignados movement. They have gained widespread support by employing a variety of strategies to defend the right to housing as a basic right, and have been an important actor in the Indignados movement. This research demonstrates that the housing crisis in Spain is correlated with the structural contradictions of the political and economic system associated with the development of Spain since the mid-20th century. In other words, since the mid-20th century, Spain’s political and economic development has shaped the character of a weak welfare state in a peripheral position in Europe, and in the process, homeownership has become a driving force to compensate for peripheral economic development and the weak welfare state. In the process of Europeanisation and neoliberalisation in Spain in the 1990s, housing evolved into an object of speculation rather than an object of investment for national economic growth and social cohesion, which had an impact on the deepening of the character of financial capitalism and the asset-based welfare state. The weak foundation of Spain’s political and economic development, which relied on inflated housing construction and the real estate bubble, eventually led to the collapse of the bubble and the creation of multi-layered crises, including the housing crisis.
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