조선 시대 유교 지식인들의 회초리(체벌) 사용과 그 의미

Abstract

This article analyzes the actual cases of the use of canes called gacho(榎楚), bok(扑), gigo(枝敲), chodal(楚橽), and hacho(夏楚) in educational contexts, the perception of their use, and their meaning. By examining the function, purpose, and content of the use of canes, this study will investigate the nature and meaning of punishment in Confucian education. At home, the hacho was not necessarily used only for infants. This is because there were still cases where individuals were whipped even in adulthood. The purpose of using hacho in teaching was to make people aware of their shame, to refine themselves, and to perceive of their own shortcomings. On the other hand, at the national level, in institutions ranging from the Sungkyunkwan to hyanggyo and seodang, regulations were implemented such that individuals with poor grades, would be disciplined with hacho. The state wanted to prevent the misuse of the canes by the leaders or teachers. This implicitly recognizes that the use of hacho was not a private act, but a public act. The use of hacho had the effect of allowing those who were beaten to reflect on themselves and improve their behavior taking the intention the beaters to heart. In reality, however, it is speculated that the effect may have varied depending on the innate temperament of the person who was hit. Above all, in order for the use of it to have educational significance, the character of the person who performed the beating needed to be high. Te canes was not always used strictly, but that it was important that the person who used it should balance generosity (benevolence) and ferocity (severity). This study shows that the use of the whip was a way of practicing kyohaksangjang(敎學相長) or companionship between teachers and pupils[(師弟同行).