The decentralized Austronesian polity: Of Mandalas, Negaras, Galactics, and the South Sulawesi Kingdoms
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Various models have been presented to describe early Southeast Asian political formations that draw on both indigenous and imported Indic ideas. The most influential of these are the “Mandala” (Wolters 1968, 1982, 1999), “Galactic” (Tambiah 1976), “Negara” (Geertz 1980), and Anderson’s 1972 “The idea of power in Javanese culture.” This paper represents an initial attempt to compare the salient features of these models with historical and archaeological data from South Sulawesi where, exceptionally and importantly, societies developed independently of Indic ideas. South Sulawesi is unique in being the only region of maritime Southeast Asia where there are sufficient written and oral sources, often substantiated by archaeological data, to document the social evolution of its society from scattered, economically self-sufficient communities with ranked lineages practicing swidden agriculture to large political units (kingdoms) constructed around indigenous cultural and political concepts with economies based on wet-rice agriculture. This wealth of data provides us with a much more detailed picture of the emergence, development and support structures of early kingdoms than found in the models, which makes South Sulawesi of fundamental importance in understanding the social and economic evolution of pre-Indic influenced Austronesian societies in Maritime Southeast Asia.
Abstract
Various models have been presented to describe early Southeast Asian political formations that draw on both indigenous and imported Indic ideas. The most influential of these are the “Mandala” (Wolters 1968, 1982, 1999), “Galactic” (Tambiah 1976), “Negara” (Geertz 1980), and Anderson’s 1972 “The idea of power in Javanese culture.” This paper represents an initial attempt to compare the salient features of these models with historical and archaeological data from South Sulawesi where, exceptionally and importantly, societies developed independently of Indic ideas. South Sulawesi is unique in being the only region of maritime Southeast Asia where there are sufficient written and oral sources, often substantiated by archaeological data, to document the social evolution of its society from scattered, economically self-sufficient communities with ranked lineages practicing swidden agriculture to large political units (kingdoms) constructed around indigenous cultural and political concepts with economies based on wet-rice agriculture. This wealth of data provides us with a much more detailed picture of the emergence, development and support structures of early kingdoms than found in the models, which makes South Sulawesi of fundamental importance in understanding the social and economic evolution of pre-Indic influenced Austronesian societies in Maritime Southeast Asia.
참고문헌 (60)
- Ali Fadillah, (2000), Balai Arkeologi Makassar dan Lembaga Penerbitan Universitas Hasanuddin
- Andaya, L., "Treaty Conceptions and Misconceptions: A Case Study from South Sulawesi", Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Landen Volkenkunde, 134(2, pp.3) (1978), 275~295
- Anderson, Benedict R. O’G., "The Idea of Power in Javanese Culture: Culture and Politics in Indonesia", pp.1~69 (1972), Cornell University Press
- "Bahru Kallupa", Australian Myer Foundation, ~ (1989)
- Basham, Arthur Llewellyn, "The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the History and Culture of the Indian Sub-continent Before the Coming of the Muslims" (1967), Sidgwick & Jackson
- Bellwood, Peter, "Origins, Ancestry and Alliance: Explorations in Austronesian Ethnography", pp.19~42 (1996), ANU Press
- Blust, Robert, "Piakandatu ami Dr. Howard P. McKaughan", pp.36~51 (2010), Summer Institute of Linguistics
- Bougas, Wayne, A., "Bantayan : An Early Makassarese Kingdom 1200-1600 A. D", Archipel, 55(1), pp.84~123 (1998)
- Bulbeck, Francis David, "A Tale of Two Kingdoms: The Historical Archaeology of Gowa and Tallok, South Sulawesi, Indonesia", PhD, pp.1992
- Bulbeck, "Origins, Ancestry and Alliance: Explorations in Austronesian Ethnography", pp.280~315 (1996), ANU Press
- Bulbeck, "The Inside View on Makassar's 16th to 17th Century History: Changing Marital Alliances and Persistent Settlement Patterns: Orality, Writing and History: The literature of the Bugis and Makasar of South Sulawesi", International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 12(Supp. 1), pp.143~167 (2016)
- Bulbeck, David, "Land of Iron: The Historical Archaeology of Luwu and the Cenrana Valley: Results of the Origins of Complex Society in South Sulawesi Project (OXIS)" (2000), Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, University of Hull, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National Universit
- Caldwell, Ian, "South Sulawesi AD 1300-1600: Ten Bugis Texts", PhD, pp.1988
- Caldwell, "The Myth of the Exemplary Centre : Shelly Errington’s Meaning and Power in a Southeast Asian Realm", Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 22(1), pp.109~118 (1991)
- Caldwell, "Power, State and Society Among the Pre-Islamic Bugis’", Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 151(3), pp.394~421 (1995)
- The Tributary and Domain Lists of Luwu, Binamu and Bangkala, "Caldwell, Ian", South-East Asia Committee of the British Academy, ~ (1998)
- Caldwell, Ian, "Family Matters: Bugis Genealogies and Their Contribution to Austronesian Studies: Orality, Writing and History: The literature of the Bugis and Makasar of South Sulawesi", International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 12(Supp. 1), pp.119~141 (2016)
- Christie, Jan, "The Southeast Asian Port and Polity", pp.39~60 (1990), University of Singapore Press
- Christie, "State Formation in Early Maritime Southeast Asia: A Consideration of the Theories and the Data", Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 151(2), pp.235~288 (1995)
- Cummings, W. P., "A Chain of Kings: The Makassarese Chronicles of Gowa and Talloq" (2007), KITLV Press
- Day, Tony, "Fluid Iron: State Formation in Southeast Asia" (2002), University of Hawaii Press
- Davidson, Ronald M., "Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement" (2002), Columbia University Press
- Report on the Vassal List of Soppéng, "Druce, Stephen, C.", South-East Asia Committee of the British Academy, ~ (1997)
- Druce, Stephen, C., "The Lands West of the Lakes: A History of the Ajattappareng Kingdoms of South Sulawesi 1200 to 1600 CE" (2009), KITLV Press
- Druce, Stephen, C., , pp.145~156 (2014), Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
- Druce, Stephen, C., "Transmitting the Past in South Sulawesi: The Hikajat Sawitto and Other Bugis and Makasar Historical Works. Orality, Writing and History: The Literature of the Bugis and Makasar of South Sulawesi", International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 12(Supp. 1), pp.73~117 (2016)
- Druce, Stephen, C., "Brunei: History, Islam, Society and Contemporary Issues" (2016), Routledge
- Druce, Stephen, "A Transitional Islamic Bugis Cremation in Bulubangi, South Sulawesi : Its Historical and Archaeological Context", Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs, 39(1), pp.1~22 (2005)
- Fox, James, J., "Review of Shelly Errington, Meaning and Power in a Southeast Asian Realm", The Journal of Asian Studies, 50(4), pp.988~989 (2001)
- Geertz, Clifford, "Negara : The Theatre State in Nineteenth Century Bali" (1980), Princeton University Press
- Hall, Kenneth, R., "A History of Early Southeast Asia Maritime Trade and Societal Development, 100–1500" (2011), Rowman & Littlefield
- Heine-Geldern, Robert von, "Conceptions of State and Kingship in Southeast Asia", Far Eastern Quarterly, 2, pp.15~30 (1942)
- Conceptions of State and Kingship in Southeast Asia. Ithaca, NY, Department of Asian Studies, "Heine-Geldern, Robert von", Cornell University, Southeast Asia program, ~, pp.Data paper. 18 (1963)
- Henley, David, "Kings and Covenants : Stranger-kings and Social Contract in Sulawesi", Indonesia and the Malay World, 36(105), pp.269~291 (2008)
- Lund, Siska, "A Mandala for the Southeast Asian International System", Culture Mandala : The Bulletin of the Centre for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies, 6, pp.1~ (2003)
- Mabbett, I. W., "Kingship at Angkor", Journal of the Siam Society, 66(2), pp.1~58 (1978)
- Macknight, C. C., "The Rise of Agriculture in South Sulawesi before 1600", Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs, 17(Winter-Summer), pp.92~116 (1983)
- The Early History of South Sulawesi: Some Recent Advances, "Macknight, C. C.", Monash University, Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, ~, pp.Working Paper No. 81 (1993)
- Macknight, C.C., "The Chronicle of Boné", ~
- Mattulada, (1985), Gadjah Mada University Press
- Miksic, John, "Traditional Sumatran Trade", Bulletin de I’Ecole Francaise d’Extreme-Orient, 74(1), pp.423~467 (1985)
- Miller, C., "A Gujarati Origin for Scripts of Sumatra, Sulawesi and the Philippines", Proceedings of Berkeley Linguistics Society, 36, pp.276~291 (2016)
- Moertono, Soemarsaid, "State and Statecraft in Old Java: A Study of the Later Mataram Period, Sixteenth to Nineteenth Century" (1968), Cornell University Press
- Noorduyn, Jacobus, (1955), Smits
- Olivelle, Patrick, "Introduction. King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India. Kautilya's Arthasastra" (2013), Oxford University Press
- Pelras, Christian, "The Bugis" (1996), Blackwell
- Pollock, Sheldon, "The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India" (2006), University of California Press
- Reynolds, Craig, J., "Seditious Histories: Contesting Thai and Southeast Asian Pasts" (2006), University of Washington
- Schulte Nordholt, H.G.C., "The Spell of Power: A History of Balinese Politics, 1650-1940" (1996), KITLV Press
- Schrieke, B., "Indonesian Sociological Studies: Selected Writings" (1955), W. van Hoeve
- Sutherland, Heather, "Power and Politics in South Sulawesi, 1860-1880", Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs, 17(Summer-Winter), pp.161~191 (1983)
- Tambiah, Stanley. J., "World Conqueror and World Renouncer: A Study of Buddhism and Polity in Thailand against a Historical Background" (1976), Cambridge University Press
- Tambiah, Stanley. J., "The Galactic Polity: The Structure of Traditional Kingdoms in Southeast Asia: Anthropology and the Climate of Opinion", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 293, pp.69~97
- , ~
- Wolters, O. W., "Early Indonesian Commerce: A Study of the Origins of Srivijaya" (1967), Cornell University Press
- Wolters, O. W., "Ayudhya and the Rearward Part of the World", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 3 & 4, pp.166~178 (1968)
- Wolters, O. W., "History, Culture and Religion in Southeast Asian Perspectives" (1982), Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
- Wolters, O. W., "History, Culture and Religion in Southeast Asian Perspectives", Southeast Asia Program Publications (SEAP), Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, in cooperation with The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS), ~ (1999)
- Zainal Abidin, (1985), Alumni
- Constructing the Polity of Sriwijaya in the 7th–8th Centuries: The View According to the Inscriptions, "Zakharov, Anton O.", ~, pp.Indonesian Studies Working Paper, 9 (2009)